我國宗教行政管理法制之研究

A Study on the Legal System of Religious Administration

系所名稱：中國與亞太區域研究所 學位別：碩士 畢業學年：106年 指導教授：鄧學良 自古至今，「宗教」為人類社會中不可或缺之精神糧食，提供心靈上之支柱，臺灣地區亦不例外。我國擁有400年豐富、多元之歷史發展，宗教信仰亦呈現「包容」之價值體現。然而，自1996年起，「宗教犯罪」之事，時有所聞。令吾人開始反思，國家是否有修改或另立新宗教法之必要，以保障人民之實質宗教信仰自由。綜觀我國現行之宗教行政管理法制，僅訂有「監督寺廟條例」，規範佛教、道教相關之寺廟登記事務。惟在司法院釋字第573號解釋作成後，「監督寺廟條例」被大法官認定違反「憲法」中「宗教信仰自由」以及「宗教平等」之原則。進而，本文認為，我國宗教行政管理法制之完善建構，實屬必須。是以，本文以「基本原理」、「行政組織」、「行政權限」、「行政救濟」、「行政監察」所建構之「行政法五大架構」為主要研究方法，兼採文獻分析法以及歷史研究法，藉保障人民實質「宗教信仰自由」，以及保護宗教社會「包容」之價值觀，進而對現行宗教行政管理法制提出重新立法之建議，期待我國宗教行政管理法制之建構，更臻完善。

'Religion' can be regarded as the indispensable spiritual food within society as it provides intangible sustenance, and Taiwanese society is no exception; Taiwan has over 400 years of both rich and diverse history that also encompasses religious beliefs. However, since 1996, the concept of 'religious crimes' has been observed within Taiwanese cultural society. Because of this, we have begun to reflect on whether Taiwan needs to amend or create new religious laws to protect the freedom of religious beliefs.With regards to In Taiwan’s current legal system of religious administration, there is only the 'Act of Supervising Temples,' which regulates the registration of Buddhist and Taoist temples. After Interpretation No. 573 by the Justices of the Constitutional Court, Judicial Yuan, the 'Act of Supervising Temples' was found by the Chief Justice to be in violation of constitutional principles of 'freedom of religious beliefs' and 'religious equality.” Furthermore, this paper argues that it is necessary to improve the legal system of religious administration in Taiwan. Therefore, this paper is based on the document analysis and historical research of the five major frameworks of administrative law: Basic Principles; Administrative Organization; Administrative Authority; Administrative Remedy; and Administrative Supervision. It is necessary to protect the people's 'freedom of religious beliefs' and protect religious 'inclusive' values; this paper proposes amendments to the current legal system of religious administration, whereby Taiwan’s religious administration can be improved.