臺灣煤礦產業遺產之系統性文化景觀研究

The Study on Serial Cultural Landscapes of Coal Mining Industrial Heritage in Taiwan

煤礦是臺灣稀有的自產能源，對於臺灣早年的工業化與政經發展有關鍵影響與重要意義；煤礦產業現存之有形及無形文化遺產數量豐厚，雖然近年之產業文化資產調查及活化面相有相當發展，但亦面對許多資產快速流失、礦業人物凋零及地方沒落的危機。105年修正公布之《文化資產保存法》，增列各類別文化資產得經審查後以系統性或複合型之型式指定或登錄的條文，對於煤礦產業遺產脈絡化保存開啟了一個整體性研究的新機會。因此本研究為國內首次應用文化資產系統性觀點針對臺灣煤礦產業遺產進行資源盤點調查和評估，以提供主管機關推動整體性產業遺產標地保存維護之參考。本文以「臺灣北部煤田」礦區為範圍，以有形資產為主、無形資產為輔，梳理國內外相關概念、價值評估架構和法規，擬定「臺灣煤礦業系統性文化景觀資源盤點、價值評估及分區保存規劃架構」，以田野踏查、訪談進行研究，分析臺灣北部煤礦業文化景觀潛力區和系統性潛力群。研究成果有：1.建置煤礦礦區整體現存遺產資源調查之基礎資料，透過價值評估，綜整出北部煤田重要礦區十一處「臺灣北部煤田煤礦業文化景觀潛力區」；2.以「平溪（石底）－－猴硐－－八斗子」（A區）為例，說明文化景觀價值評估和登錄基準分析，提供主管機關未來進行登錄作業之參考；3.透過「系統性文化景觀潛力群構成要件」，彙整成「基隆地區」、「臺北地區」和「竹苗地區」等三大「臺灣北部煤田煤礦業文化景觀潛力群」，並提出系統性文化景觀潛力群未來的保存推動策略建議。

Coal mining is the rare natural energy in Taiwan, playing an important role with vital influence on industrialization and politic-economy development at early ages of Taiwan. Current tangible and intangible coal mining cultural heritages is rich and potential to proceed the cultural resource investigation and revitalization. However, with concern on disappearing heritages, depoplulation on mining industry and declining districts, the concept of 'serial' designation of cultural heritage sites was introduced to the newly amended ''Cultural Heritage Preservation Act'' in 2016. Nevertheless, how to use this new instrument concept and tool for conservation of regional and serial cultural landscapes is still a topic to be explored. This study which is presented outcomes of the 2018-2020 study on investigation and planning for serial sites of mining cultural landscapes in Taiwan. is aimed to systematically survey the legacy attributes of coal mining heritages and to provide suggestions to competent agencies for identifying actionable preservation policy. This study is focused on the Northern Coalfields of Taiwan to organize relevant concept, value evaluation and regulations from easten and western point of view, prioritized with tangible heritages and secondly with intangible heritages, to set up a framework of systematic cultural landscapes on Taiwan's Coal Mining industry, including resource inventory, value evaluation and area-allocated conservation management. It is also analyzed the potential site and systemcy on the Northern Coadields of Taiwan by field research and interviews. From the study, the conclusion is involved: (1) catalog the foundamental databank of existing coal mining heritage resources and summarize 11 'Potential Sites' (A to K) of coal mining cultural landscapes in Northern Coalfields. (2) Take 'Potential Site A' as an example to develop the procedure of cultural landscape value evalution and analysis to be used as registration reference for competent agencies. (3) Focus on three clusters of 'Potential Serial Sites' - 'Keelung,' 'Taipei,' as well as 'Hsinchu and Miaoli' from the aforesaid 11 Potential Sites, according to elements for designation of serial cultural landscape sites developed by this research. Lastly, the study is put forward operable conservation and management policies, and planning suggestions of serial coal mining cultural landscapes to ensure a structuralized future roadmap for effective conservation and promotion programs.