日治時期傳統漢詩的阿里山森林鐵道書寫（上）

The Alishan Forest Railway Writing in Traditional Chinese Poems During the Japanese Occupation

阿里山位於嘉義縣，自明治29（1896）年日本即積極開發山地並闢建鐵道， 將資源順利運輸至各地。鐵道修築不易， 明治36（1903）年臺灣總督府即進行探勘計畫，明治39（1906）年由滕田組開始施工， 幾經波折， 大正元（ 1912） 年嘉義至二萬平67.1 公里長的鐵道正式通車，後延伸至沼之平。森林鐵道建成後， 將參天良木運至平地， 其高山雲海、旭日東昇、落英繽紛……等美景，也吸引許多中外遊客前往尋幽攬勝。 阿里山美景在日治時代在詩人的謬思與巧手交融下幻化成一首又一首美麗動人的篇章， 隨著報章、雜誌的刊行與出版，令阿里山聲名大噪， 日治時代鐵道部所出版的案內書（ 旅遊手冊） 皆將阿里山列為必遊景點， 常寫道到臺灣若不登臨阿里山則未算真正到過臺灣。 以阿里山的美景、聚落、生物…… 等地理環境或歷史景觀為題者研究甚多， 卻獨無針對日治時代阿里山森林鐵道古典漢詩之研究， 本篇將以林業與撫番政策、路線修築（ 含螺旋式隧道、之字路）、美國直立汽缸齒輪式蒸汽車、旅遊行程規劃……等面向進行全方面爬梳整理與應用， 透過文學與歷史重新詮譯阿里山森林鐵道發展史。希望藉由詩歌中的文字引領讀者搭乘高山火車伴隨陣陣蒸汽與煙塵一同登臨日治時代的阿里山， 體驗獨特的景致。

Alishan is located in Chiayi County. Since Meiji 29 (1896), Japan has been actively developing mountainous areas and building railways to transport resources to various places. Railway construction is not easy. In the Meiji 36 (1903), the Taiwan Governor’s Mansion began an exploration plan. In the Meiji 39 (1906), the Tengtian Group began construction. After several twists and turns, the 67.1-kilometer railway from Chiayi to Erwanping was officially opened to traffic in the Taisho era (1912) and then it was extended to Zuozhiping. After the completion of the forest railway, the towering trees will be transported to plain. Its beautiful scenery also attract many Chinese and foreign tourists to go. During the Japanese Occupation era, Alishan was transformed into beautiful and touching articles. With the publication of newspapers and magazines, Alishan became famous, and the Ministry of Railways published case books (travel brochures) all list Alishan as a must-visit attraction, and often write that if you don’t visit Alishan in Taiwan, you have not really been to Taiwan. There are many researches on the geographical environment or historical landscapes of Alishan, but they have nothing to do with the research on the classical Chinese poetry of Alishan Forest Railway during the Japanese Occupation. Railway construction (including spiral tunnels, zigzag railroad), American vertical cylinder geared steam cars, travel itinerary planning...etc. All aspects are sorted and applied, and the development history of Alishan Forest Railway is reinterpreted through literature and history. I hope that readers will be guided to Alishan in the Japanese Occupation Era by taking a high mountain train along with bursts of steam and smoke to experience the unique scenery.