模糊理論介入可適應性設計方法研究──以傳統民居新增衛浴產品為例

A Study on integration of Fuzzy Theory into Adaptive Design Method -- A case study of New Bathroom Products in Traditional Housing

隨著傳統民居建築保護策略與適應性再利用方法的發展，不僅要求延續當地居民的文化與生活方式，還須對建築影響最少，使產品功能應具備簡化、整合、易組合和價格低廉等特性，以適應傳統民居建築文化保護與居住生活延續的雙重需求。本研究提出一種結合機率模糊集理論的可適應度量方法，並應用於傳統民居衛浴產品集合的設計開發中。依據衛浴產品可適應度值的高低程度，以簡化整合為目的，進行設計開發。首先匯總閩南蔡氏民居中現有的衛浴產品種類，並定義為目標可適應集（Tp），再逐一進行功能結構分解，建立功能配置矩陣，以此為基礎進行匹配度（P）計算；然後以焦點小組討論方式使用成對比較判斷矩陣技術與模糊理論結合的方法，得到衛浴產品（PF）的使用機率值（PR）；最後使用可適應度公式得到衛浴產品的可適應因數（AF）。研究結果得出22件PF的可適應度值（A）高低程度，某PF的A值越高，顯示其越適合優先進行以簡化或整合為目的設計開發。因此，可依據由高到低的可視化圖表順序，在原有設計的基礎上再設計，形成諸多設計方案。

With the development of conservation strategies and adaptive reuse methods for traditional dwellings, there is a need not only to continue the culture and lifestyle of the inhabitants but also to minimize the impact on the architecture. The design of new sanitary products should be simplified, integrated, easy to assemble, and inexpensive, to meet the dual needs of the preservation of traditional residential architecture and the continuation of residential life. This study proposed an adaptability measurement method that incorporates probabilistic fuzzy set theory for the design and development of a collection of traditional residential sanitary products. The design and development are simplified and integrated according to the degree of adaptability of the sanitary products. Firstly, the types of sanitary products available in Cai-Clan residence are compiled and defined as the target adaptable set (Tp), then the functional structure is decomposed one by one and a functional configuration matrix is established, based on which the matching degree (P) is calculated. Then, a pairwise comparative judgment matrix technique combined with fuzzy theory is used in a focus group discussion to obtain usage probability range (PR) values for bathroom products function (PF). Ultimately, the adaptability formula is used to obtain the adaptable factor (AF) of the sanitary products. Based on the results of the study, 22 pieces of PFs are derived for high and low adaptability values (A). The higher the A value of a certain PF is, the more suitable it will be for design development for simplification or integration as a priority. Therefore, many design solutions can be formulated based on the visualization chart order from high to low, which can be redesigned on top of the original design.