從南宋中興四大詩人的唱和作品論其交誼

On the Friendship of the Four Poets of ZTE in the Southern Song Dynasty

「唱和詩」是一種以交往為目的，以應制、同題、贈答、聯句為手段，展現詩人交往關係的詩歌。自從唐代之後唱和詩就是文人之間常常使用的詩體，迄宋代更是文人聯絡感情的一種寫作方式。 南宋中興四大詩人指的是陸游、楊萬里、范成大以及尤袤四位詩人，他們的年齡相差一至三歲，皆是靖康元年前後一、二年出生的詩人。四人之間的交誼甚厚，交往頻繁，時常唱和，從他們的集子都可見互相唱和之作。本文乃就這四人的文集、詩集加以爬梳，尤以唱和詩為主，以凸顯四大家之情誼與交往狀況。 四人情感是以文會友的方式來進行，唱和詩多，從唱和詩中可見他們的文采以及情感真摯的一面。相較而言，陸游和范成大情誼深厚、惺惺相惜，以至范成大去世。楊萬里、尤袤二人因為同時於臨安任職時間較長，除了唱和之作甚多，另有一些趣聞流傳下來。陸游與楊萬里兩人情感由濃轉淡，以至毫無來往，應是兩人至晚年因理念不同而漸行漸遠。 總之，從唱和之中可見四人之互動狀況，以及情感細膩的傳達。

The four major poets of the ZTE in the Southern Song Dynasty refer to the four poets Lu You, Yang Wanli, Fan Chengda, and You You. They differ by one to three years. They are all poets born in the first or second year of Jingkang. The friendship between the four people is very strong, the interaction is frequent, and they often sing peace. From their collections, they can see that they sing harmony. 'Singing and Poems' is a kind of poems that show the poet's communicative relationship with the purpose of communication and the means of response, same question, gift-giving, and conjunction. This article is to review the anthologies and poems of these four people, especially singing and works, in order to highlight the friendship and interaction between the four people.The emotions of the four are performed in the manner of literary members, who sing frequently, and their literary talent and sincere side can be seen from the singing and works. In contrast, Lu You and Fan Chengda had a deep friendship and cherished each other, and even Chengda died. Because Yang Wanli and You Xun have been in Lin'an for a long time at the same time, in addition to singing and writing, there are other interesting stories passed down. The emotions of Lu You and Yang Wanli have changed from thick to light, and they have no contact. It should be that the two gradually drift away from each other due to different ideas in their later years. In short, the interaction between the four and the delicate communication of emotions can be seen from the singing.