多元環境利益的再生能源項目，在自願性減碳市場交易機制：台灣現況與前景

Co-benefit Renewable Energy Projects for Voluntary Reduction Carbon Market Trading Mechanism: Current Situation and Potential in Taiwan

在自願性減碳交易市場中，以環境利益憑證（Environmental Attributes Certificate, EAC）為基礎的市場機制，正逐漸形成，藉由EAC機制發展可驗證、可計量、具備國際標準的高質量碳權（high-quality carbon credits），促使具備多元環境利益的減碳計畫，得以透過市場支援實現並具有交易價值。國際上對於具有EAC高質量碳權項目的追求也開始影響到再生能源電力項目的發展，台灣由於地狹人稠，因此格外重視多元土地利用、社區共生共榮及在地自然環境的保護，因此台灣乃開始藉由EAC機制的導入，對具有多元環境利益的再生能源電力項目進行驗證、計量和國際登錄。台灣發展經驗顯示，當有較大規模的光電與風力發電項目起動時，除了評估其發電及減碳的效益，也需考量對當地自然環境的保護、地方社區接受程度及對傳統農漁業保障等多元環境利益，並應在財務模型設計和評估市場階段時，即應考量完整的多元環境利益價值及可實現的市場，使得再生能源電力項目能取得的包括減碳效益在內的多重價值，並可在市場上被完整交易。

In the voluntary carbon reduction trading market, a market mechanism based on Environmental Attributes Certificate (EAC) is gradually emerging. The EAC mechanism is used to develop verifiable, measurable, and internationally recognized certification systems that should contribute the credentialing of greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission reduction programs (''high-quality'' carbon credits). It is to identify multi-value and diverse environmental benefits of GHGs emission reduction programs so that these programs can be supported by trading market and their true value can be thoroughly considered. The pursuit of high-quality carbon credit projects with EACs on the international market has begun to affect the development of renewable energy (RE) projects. Due to extremely limited land options and high-density population, developers of RE projects in Taiwan are asked to consider more land use issues, and benefits of RE projects should include co-prospering with local communities, protecting local environment, and other values relevant to stakeholders. As a result, the EAC mechanism has been introduced to the development of Taiwan RE projects, for verifying and measuring these explicit and implicit values of RE projects, and registering these values as credentials onto the international certification system. To reveal these values and put them on market, it is suggested introducing EAC mechanism and evaluating all the values to bring them onto voluntary-based GHG emission reduction market even before RE projects are to be developed. Showcases in Taiwan revealed that, especially for those large-scale photovoltaic and wind power projects to be developed, all potential market values of these RE projects should be considered -- in addition to evaluating their power generation and GHGs emission reduction, co-benefits of these RE projects should include the protection of natural environment, the acceptance of local communities, and the preservation of traditional agriculture and local fishery businesses. In financial model forecast and feasibility study of RE projects, these diversified environmental benefits should be evaluated as part of outcomes of these projects. In other words, the complete assessment of diversified environmental benefit value and achievable market should be conducted, so that true values of these RE projects can be revealed and traded on markets along with GHGs emission reduction benefits.