英文摘要 |
Fo Guang Shan has gone through three phases of construction to complete today's Triple Gem Mountain fully possessing the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha since it was established in 1976. During the third phase of construction, there were six sets of reliefs added along the covered outdoor walkways, including the relief carving of the stories of Guanyin Bodhisattva in the Great Compassion Shrine, three relief carvings in the Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum: Stories of the Buddha, Chan Art and Stories, and Life Protection Murals, two jade relief carvings on both sides of the Jade Buddha Shrine: Land of Pure Crystals in the East and Land of Peace in the West, and the Assembly on Vulture Peak relief carving in the Sutra Repository. The author has successively completed the studies on five outdoor sets of reliefs. The two reliefs of Buddha statues on the left and right sides of the Jade Buddha Shrine in the Fo Guang Shan Buddha Museum to be studied in this thesis are very different from the previous five sets of reliefs. First of all, these two reliefs located on both sides of the central reclining Buddha statue in the Jade Buddha Shrine belong to indoor, not outdoor relief sculpture. In addition, the previous five sets of reliefs are all clay sculptures; except one using plain colors, the others are all colorfully painted after sculpting. However, the two reliefs of Buddha statues in this study are made of jade pieces of various colors embedded piece by piece according to the composition. Furthermore, the content of the previous five sets of outdoor reliefs are mainly related to ''the Saha world'' of Sakyamuni Buddha, but the two reliefs of Buddha statues depict ''the Eastern Pure Land'' of Medicine Buddha and '' the Western Pure Land'' of Amitabha Buddha and represent thoughts of many Buddhas in Mahayana Buddhism. They are highly distinctive in the entire Fo Guang Shan architectural complex. This study follows the three steps of Erwin Panofsky's iconological method: description, analysis and interpretation. It starts with describing the color, light, line, structure, composition, etc. of the reliefs on the basis of the appearance of ''the Eastern Pure Land'' and ''the Western Pure Land'' relief carvings located on both sides of Jade Buddha Shrine. Then it attempts to understand their relevance to the Medicine Master Sutra and the Amitabha Sutra by means of the iconographic analysis of the two reliefs, and goes further to make a profound and comprehensive interpretation of their internal meaning and content. Finally, it concludes with the worldview, contemporary meaning and value of the two relief carvings. It also makes a comparison with the four main objectives of Fo Guang Shan: to propagate the Dharma through culture, to foster talent through education, to benefit society through charity, and to purify human minds through spiritual cultivation, so as to grasp the complete information of the evolution and development of three-dimensional relief carvings of Fo Guang Shan. It is hoped that the results of this research can manifest the potential of spreading the Dharma through relief murals, deepen ordinary people's understanding of Buddhist reliefs, provide information to understand the art of Fo Guang Shan reliefs and give a guided tour of the six sets of reliefs, and provide a reference for future research. |