植體微奈米表面設計與骨整合

Implant Micro-Nano Surface Design and Osseointegration

在長達半個世紀的牙科植體發展，對於缺牙區的重建，從單顆缺牙至全口重建的治療計畫中，植牙已成不可或缺的一環。從巨觀到微觀的植體表面設計的差異，對於骨整合及初期穩定性有著不同層面的影響。本篇旨在探討當今各式植體表面處理技術與微奈米表面形貌（surface topography）對於骨整合（osseointegration）的影響。從微粗糙加工技術（micro-roughened modification），包含噴砂及酸蝕表面處理（sandblasted and acid-etched surface）以及陽極氧化（anodic oxidation），至分子及奈米處理技術（molecular modification and nanotechnology），包含氟化表面處理（fluoride treatment）、離散結晶沉積（discrete crystalline deposition）、雷射剝蝕（laser ablation）、氫氧基磷灰石塗層（hydroxyapatite coating）、光功能化（photofunctionalization）及功能性胜肽（functional peptide）和生長因子（growth factor）的應用等，會進行深入的探討。

The development and evolution of implantology has been for more than half a century. Implantation is an indispensable treatment option for rehabilitation of edentulous area. The various macroscopic and microscopic implant surface designs affect osseointegration and implant primary stability on different levels. The aim of this article is to review contemporary implant thread designs and surface modifications regarding micro-roughened modifications, molecular modifications and nanotechnology, and the impact of resultant microtopography and nanotopography on osseointegration. The micro-roughened modifications include sandblasted/acid-etched surface and anodic oxidation. The molecular modifications and nanotechnology include fluoride treatment, discrete crystalline deposition, laser ablation and hydroxyapatite coating. In addition, this article will further discuss the novel approaches for implant surface treatment including the application of photofunctionalization, functional peptides and growth factors.