腸道菌轉譯研究工具的運用

Tools for Gut Microbiome Translational Research

腸道菌已被視為是一個系統性的動態內分泌器官，廣泛調控人體免疫、代謝與神經傳遞功能。然而腸道菌的組成、功能以及與人體交互作用十分複雜，許多機制尚未清楚，需要進一步研究釐清腸道菌調控人類病生理的關鍵路徑，才能加速進入臨床應用階段。過去由於次世代定序的普及，發現人體腸道菌與許多慢性疾病有顯著關聯性，近年整合多體學分析、厭氧菌培養分離技術、無菌定植小鼠模式、微生物代謝體等轉譯研究工具的發展，腸道菌與疾病的因果性和機制探討逐漸成為顯學。本文旨在介紹常見腸道菌轉譯研究工具的整合與運用，期望有助於促進國內人類腸道菌的研究進展。

Gut microbiota have been regarded as a dynamic endocrine organ which systemically regulate immunity, metabolism, and neurological function of the human body. However, the gut microbiota composition, function as well as its interactions with the human body is a complex ecosystem in which many mechanisms remain unclear. Further investigations are required to facilitate microbiome research into clinical application by elucidating essential host-microbe pathways responsible for human pathophysiology regulation. In the past years, associations between the human gut microbiota and many chronic diseases were revealed by taking advantage of the next generation sequencing technology. Recently, investigations on the causality and mechanisms of gut microbiome are accumulating through the integration of translational tools such as multi-omics analysis, anaerobic culturomics, gnotobiotic mice models and microbiota-based metabolomics. The aim of this perspective review is to introduce the integration and application of common gut microbiome translational tools, hopefully, to promote domestic research progress in the field of human microbiome.