不同年齡男女專業工作者之玩興與工作創新

Age an dgender differences in playfulness and innovation behavior among professional workers

近年來成人玩興與創新受到研究與實務界的關注。有研究發現專業工作者玩興與工作創新有中高度的正相關，而在職場中對年齡與性別的差異與可能的交互作用則甚少探討。本研究以問卷調查法探討專業工作者性別與年齡在玩興與工作創新之關係。受試者包括教育界、藝術傳播界、高科技產業界、以及傳統產業界四類專業員工男668 人、女809 人，共1477 人。研究工具為成人玩興量表短題本與創新行為量表。研究發現：（1）性別與年齡在玩興上有交互作用。不同年齡男性彼此之間與女性彼此之間玩興沒有差異，但在40 歲以前較年輕的組別裡，男性的玩興顯著高於女性，而40 歲以上男女的玩興差異則不顯著。（2）性別與年齡在工作創新上有交互作用。不同年齡組間男性的工作創新行為沒有顯著差異，而50-59 歲女性的創新行為顯著高於20-29歲的女性。同時50 歲以前各年齡組男性工作創新行為均高於女性；50-59 歲男女工作創新差異不顯著。（3）職場中高齡男性與女性專業工作者創新行為並不因年齡大而減低，女性在中年過後玩興與創新更增高。建議職場應避免對中高齡者之刻板印象，並重視不同年齡男女之玩興與創新行為之差異而給予不同支持激勵與工作管理設計。

Playfulness Inventory (API) and Innovation Behavior Questionnaire (IBQ) were used to collect data. The major findings are as follows: 1) There is an interactive effect between gender and age on playfulness. No significant differences was found in API among different age age groups of males or females Males in younger age groups (age < 40) show significantly higher playfulness than females in equivalent age groups However， no significant difference was found between males and females in older age groups (age > 40). 2) There is an interactive effect between gender and age on work innovation behavior. No significant differences was found in IBQ among different male age groups. Interestingly， females of age 50-59 show significantly higher innovation behavior than females of age 20-29. In addition， males under age 50 show significantly higher innovation behavior than females in equivalent age groups， but no gender difference was found in age group 50-59. 3) In general， innovation behaviors do not decrease in professionals with the increase of age. Female professionals even show higher playfulness spirits and innovation behavior after age 40 or 50. It is suggested that stereotypes of senior professionals be avoided and that supportive environment and management be provided to reinforce employee’s playfulness and innovation behavior according to their gender and age differences.