防禦悲觀者的動機分析及在成就評價後之情緒適應：以潛在成長模式分析為例

A MotivationalAnalysis of Defensive Pessimist and Long-TermWellbeing afterAchievement Feedback

本研究根據自我價值理論驗證避免失敗動機、防禦性悲觀及在成就回饋後與情緒適應之線性關係，並以兩年時間追蹤防禦悲觀者在情緒適應上之變化情形。受試者為64 名防禦悲觀者，經失敗恐懼量表、行為壓抑系統量表、防禦性悲觀量表及生活適應量表施測後，以結構方程模式進行模式驗證，再以二因子潛在成長模式分析防禦悲觀者在成就回饋後之長期心理變化。主要研究結果為：（一）本研究所建構動機、防禦性悲觀及情緒適應模式具有理想的適配度。（二）失敗恐懼及行為壓抑系統對防禦性悲觀具有直接效果，在高成就回饋後亦有助於個體的情緒適應。（三）潛在成長模式分析顯示防禦悲觀者的情緒適應在二年研究期間呈現遞減現象。本研究並根據研究成果進行討論及提出建議。

This study examined the relationships among motivation to avoid failure， defensive pessimism， achievement feedback， and emotional well-being. The emotional well-being of defensive pessimists was followed for two years. Participants were 64 defensive pessimists who completed instruments that assessed fear of failure， behavior inhibition system， defensive pessimism， and well-being. Structural equation modeling and two-factor growth model were used in the analysis. Results indicated that (a) there a satisfactory fit of the hypothesized model regarding the relationships among motivation， defensive pessimism， and emotional well –being; (b) fear of failure and behavior inhibition system have a direct effect on defensive pessimism， and high achievement feedback was associated with high emotional well being， and (c) latent growth model indicated that there is a decreasing trend in the emotional well-being of defensive pessimists during the two years. Results related to the nature of defensive pessimists were discussed.