青少年之關係攻擊與同儕拒絕

No Blood Means Less Harm?: Relational Aggression and Peer Rejection in Adolescence

在校園生活中，外顯肢體攻擊行為所造成的生理傷害常引起師長注意，而另種隱匿的攻擊現象也非常需要重視，亦即，以破壞他人的人際關係或社交名望為目的之關係攻擊。本研究針對青少年在關係攻擊與外顯攻擊的性別差異進行分析，以瞭解關係攻擊之現況，並探討關係攻擊與同儕拒絕的相關。研究參與者為大台北地區13個國中之62個班級的2211位國中生（1127位男生、1084位女生）。以同儕提名的方式，請參與者針對每道題目分別列出自己班上的三位同學，藉以收集每位學生在「攻擊行為」與「社交地位」的分數；所得分數經標準化成Z分數，再進行統計分析。結果發現女生之關係攻擊分數顯著高於男生，而男生之外顯攻擊分數顯著高於女生；外顯攻擊者中95％為男生，關係攻擊者中則有83％為女生；關係攻擊與外顯攻擊皆能預測青少年的同儕拒絕；社交地位中之受爭議者的關係攻擊高於其他類型。即，關係攻擊相對是女性青少年較常使用之攻擊方式，且青少年之關係攻擊與其受同儕拒絕的情況有關。

The purpose of this study was to explore gender differences in the forms of aggression experienced by and perpetrated on Taiwanese adolescents， and to examine the relationship between aggression and peer rejection during adolescence. The participants consisted of 2211 adolescents (1127 boys and 1084 girls) from 62 classrooms of 13 junior high schools in Taipei area. A peer nomination procedure was used to obtain each participant’s aggression scores and sociometric status. The number of nominations received for each item was further standardized within each classroom and used for further analyses. The findings show a gender effect in two forms of aggression – relational and overt aggression: (1) Girls were significantly more relationally aggressive than boys， whereas boys were significantly more overtly aggressive than girls; and (2) Ninety-five percent of adolescents in the overt-aggression group were boys and eighty-three percent of adolescents in the relational-aggression group were girls. The results also demonstrated that both relational and overt aggression were predictive of concurrent peer rejection in this sample of adolescents. Relational aggression was the highest in adolescents of controversial status than in all the other groups (i.e.， rejected， average， popular， neglected). Thus， the study demonstrates that relational aggression is favored by female adolescents and it is a salient factor of peer rejection.