父母管教方式與兒童非理性信念、A型行為組型之相關研究

A Study on the Relationships among Children's Irrational Beliefs, Type A Behavior Pattern and Their Perception of Parenting Styles

本研究旨在探討父母管教方式與兒童非理性信念、A型行為組型之關係。由於國內尚欠缺適合評量兒童非理性信念之工具，研究者乃依研究需要，參考理性─情緒─行為治療(Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy， REBT) 創始人Ellis之相關著作、國內外理性─情緒─行為治療之相關文獻及實徵研究，編製「兒童生活信念量表」。本研究使用問卷調查法，以國小四年級及六年級兒童為對象，依縣市人口比例進行分層抽樣共取得794份有效問卷進行分析。研究結果發現：(一)不同父母管教方式的兒童在非理性信念傾向上有所不同，其中以母親影響較顯著; (二)在「忽視冷漠」父母管教方式下的兒童，其A型行為之「努力競爭與成就」得分最低；(三)兒童非理性信念與A型行為中的「時間緊迫感」及「攻擊性與敵意」有顯著正相關，而其「努力競爭與成就」傾向則與「逃避困難」有顯著負相關；(四)兒童非理性信念中的「不當情緒」對於其「時間緊迫感」及「攻擊性與敵意」有最高預測力；而兒童之「父親反應」則對其「努力競爭與成就」有最高之預測力。本研究依據研究之發現，對兒童親職教育、輔導工作與未來研究上提出具體建議。

The purpose of this research was to examine the correlation between different parenting styles， irrational beliefs and type A behavior pattern. Due to the lack of a suitable research methodology in the country to assess the irrational beliefs of children， the researcher referred to the works of Albert Ellis’s Rational- Emotive -Behavioral Therapy(REBT )and other literature both domestic and aboard to establish the Scale of Irrational Beliefs. Based on a survey of the fourth and sixth graders of elementary schools， this entire study was facilitated by using the “Parenting Style and the Degree of Satisfaction Scale”， “The Child Life Beliefs Scale”， and “The Child Type A Behavior Scale”. From valid 794 out of thousands of samples reviewed， the import findings were as follows: (a) Children of different maternal parenting styles and paternal parenting styles have different irrational beliefs score， of which the mothers influence is stronger; (b) Children with “Neglectful Parenting Style” got lowest scores in the item of “Diligently Competes and Achievement”; (c) Children’s irrational beliefs has positive correlation with “Time Sense of Urgency” and “The Aggressiveness and the Hostility” of Type A behavior pattern; “Diligently Competes and Achievement” of type A behavior pattern has negative correlation with “Avoids a Difficulty” of irrational beliefs; (d) Children with “Mood Disorders” of irrational belief have the highest predicting rate of their “Time Sense of Urgency” and “The Aggressiveness and the Hostility” of Type A behavior pattern; “Father Response” of parenting style also has the highest predicting rate of their “Diligently Competes and Achievement” of Type A behavior pattern. These research results aim to serve as references for future studies on parenting education and children’s counseling.