日本兒童相談所考察：以非行諮輔為中心

On Japanese Child Counseling Center: Focus on Consultation about Juvenile Delinquency

我國少年事件處理法修正導入行政先行制度，由福利系統先於司法系統就曝險少年提供支援與處遇，這樣的制度變革中，日本兒童相談所制度是個常被提到的立法參考，但我國對於日本兒童相談所的討論數量著實有限，故本文考察日本兒童相談所制度及其非行諮輔。首先，本文先區別司法與福利系統所蘊含的兒童觀，並放置到近代日本少年法制脈絡中，以看到不同兒童觀的存在和衝突。其次，本文探討兒童相談所制度的架構、人事組成與機能，以及受到日本近年來刑罰兒童觀的加重，帶給兒童相談所在作為福利先行措施的制度面變化。最後，本文考察兒童相談所在非行諮輔的實際運作狀況，以及兒童相談所如何和其他機關相互合作聯繫，可以看到兒童相談所與警察機關的聯繫最為密切，但是有造成加強監視而非福利的可能，此為人所擔憂之處；並且90年代以後，兒童相談所的重心放在兒童虐待，非行諮輔的案件大幅降低，如此非行諮輔專業的提升成為隱憂。本文最後從上述的考察，提出一些我國在設計行政先行制度時，需要注意到的問題和參考。

"The amendment of Juvenile Justice Act in 2019 introduced administrative interventions, where the welfare system precedes the judicial system to provide support and treatment for risk exposure Teenagers. In such a legal reform, the Japanese Child Counseling Center institution was often mentioned as a legislative reference. Discussions about the Japanese Child Counseling Center in Taiwan are really rare, so this article investigates Japanese Child Counseling Center institution and its consultation about juvenile delinquency. First of all, this article distinguishes ideas of children between the judicial and welfare systems, and places them in the context of the juvenile legal system in modern Japan to see the existence and conflicts of different ideas of children. Secondly, this article discusses the structure, personnel composition and function of the Child Counseling Center. Among Japanese society, the idea of children from punishment has increased in recent years, it affected institution of child counseling. Finally, this article finds practices of consultation about juvenile delinquency and how Child Counseling Center cooperates with other agencies. We can find that Child Counseling Center has the closest connection with the police agency. However, it could be a question whether this will involve surveillance rather than welfare or not. Besides, after the 1990s, the focus of Child Counseling Center was on child abuse, and the proportion of consultation about juvenile delinquency cases was extremely low, so the promotion of consultation about juvenile delinquency became worries. At the end of this article, based on the above investigation, some issues and references that need to be paid attention to when designing relevant administrative organs in the future in Taiwan."