美國社區矯治措施之分類與運用──兼論對我國法制之借鏡與建議

Classification and Application of Community Corrective Measures in American: Also Discuss the References and Suggestions for Taiwanese Legal System

社區矯治制度起源於美國，罪犯以服從法院命令替代監禁或作為其從監獄中假釋的條件，既兼具人性化，又大幅減少監獄的囚犯人口，歷經百年終在國際間形成犯罪者處遇政策的潮流。有關措施繽紛多采，富具公權力的強制性及政府照顧弱勢族群的慈愛精神，同時融合了民間團體的公益性及私人經營的商業性，狀似一套社會工作及個案自主的社福制度，卻又維持司法處分的嚴肅性格及莊嚴外表，復以各州模式互異，整體制度相當龐雜，甚難精確解讀。我國刻正司法改革之際，誠有參酌美國此制的必要。惟社區矯治專業藏身於刑事司法的枝尾末節，法學界對此著墨甚少而顯得陌生。緣此，本文廣蒐美國各種社區矯治措施，期以系統化之敘述，裨益國人對於此制之理解及當局研議時之參考。

"The Community Corrections system originated in the United States. It uses obedience to court orders instead of imprisonment or as a condition for parole from prison, which is both humane and greatly reduces the prison population. After a hundred years, it has finally formed a trend of Criminal Treatment policies internationally. The relevant measures are colorful and complicated, coercive with public power, and charitable spirit of caring for the disadvantaged groups. It integrates the public welfare nature of civil organizations and the commercial nature of private operations, which resembles a social welfare system with independent social work and individual cases, but maintains the serious character and solemn appearance of judicial sanctions. Moreover, the models are different from each state. Therefore, the overall system is quite complex and difficult to interpret accurately. As our country is currently undergoing judicial reforms, it is indeed necessary to take part in this system of the United States. However, the community corrective profession hides in the end of the criminal justice corner, and the legal circle is very unfamiliar with this. For this reason, this article has extensively collected various community corrective measures in the United States, and used criminal procedures to allocate a set of measures. It is hoped that through a systematic narrative, it will benefit the understanding of the people of our country and the reference of the authorities during discussions."