生物炭資材防治番茄青枯病之效果評估

Evaluation of Biochar Materials for Controlling Bacterial Wilt of Tomato in Taiwan

本研究評估三種柑橘類（茂谷柑、椪柑及桶柑）與二葉松之廢棄枝條，於300℃、500℃及700℃溫度下製成12種生物炭，對促進番茄植株生長與防治番茄青枯病之效果。分析12種生物炭pH值與電導度（EC）值，結果顯示300℃溫度製成之生物炭皆偏酸性，而500℃或700℃溫度製成之生物炭則偏中性或鹼性；至於EC值則介於0.145~1.190 dS/m之間。溫室測試12種生物炭對番茄生長之影響，結果指出泥炭土分別添加1%和3%生物炭（即P700、RP500或T500）時，可增加植株平均鮮重；添加1%（RP300或T700）或3% M500生物炭時，可增加植株平均乾重，其中以添加5%生物炭條件下對植株乾重影響最明顯。培養基測試生物炭對青枯病菌（PS152菌株）生長之影響，結果顯示當nutrient agar（NA）培養基添加1% 300℃溫度下製成生物炭時，可有效抑制青枯病菌生長，抑制率介於99.5~100.0%之間，而添加3% 700℃溫度下製成之生物炭，除生物炭RP700外，其餘生物炭均可抑制青枯病菌生長，抑制率達99%以上。溫室評估處理1%或3%生物炭不同時間對番茄青枯病之防治效果，得知處理1%生物炭三週後，具有較佳防治效果，其中以M300生物炭防治效果最佳，罹病度僅有27.5%。進一步進行生物炭M300的有效物質對青枯病菌生長之影響，結果顯示收集24~25分鐘區間高波峰的物質無法抑制本病菌之生長。綜合上述結果顯示生物炭M300應用於番茄青枯病的防治具有相當大的潛力。

"A total of 12 biochars produced from three citrus woods (Murcott, Ponkan and Tankan) and one Taiwan red pine woods at different pyrolysis temperatures of 300℃, 500℃ and 700℃, respectively, were preliminarily evaluated for their effects on tomato growth and control of bacterial wilt. Analysis of pH value and EC value of 12 biochars showed that, biochar macterials pyrolysed at 300℃ were acidic whereas those pyrolysed at 500℃ or 700℃ it were alkaline. Moreover, the EC values were 0.145~1.190 dS/ m. Among the 12 biochars tested on tomato plants growth in greenhouse, results showed that BVB substrate (peat moss based medium) amended with 1% M500, RP300 or T700 and 3% P700, RP500 or T500 biochars could increase plant fresh weight. In addition, 1% RP300 or T700 and 3% M500 biochar amendments could increase plant dry weight, especially in BVB substrate with 5% biochars, showing significantly negative effects on plant growth. In vitro growth inhibition test of the pathogen, results showed that 1% biochar produced at 300℃ had an inhibition in the range of 99.5100.0% growth of the pathogen. Moreover, 3% biochars produced at 700℃，except for biochar RP700, could inhibit the pathogen growth up to 99%. Twelve biochars with a ratio of 1% or 3%, respectively, were evaluated for control of bacterial wilt in a greenhouse. The greatest reduction in disease was observed with the use of 1% biochar incubated for three weeks control, especially in the biochar M300 treatment with the lowest disease severity of 27.% . To further determine bioactive compound isolated from biochar M300 by reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) for an inhibitory effect on growth of the pathogen, a bioactive compound collected from a high peak at retention time of 24-25 min, however, did not show any antibacterial ability. This preliminary study suggests that biochar M300 offers potential for control of tomato bacterial wilt but the actual active inhibitory ingredient is yet to be confirmed in future studies."