蓮霧黃腐病之病原真菌鑑定

The causal agent of wax apple yellow rot disease

"高雄市六龜區及屏東縣林邊鄉、南州鄉及東港鎮等地栽培之蓮霧（Syzygium samarangense（Blume）Merr. & Perry）曾經因蓮霧黃腐病危害，而造成重要的經濟損失。蓮霧黃腐病是受真菌病原感染，受害初期，果實形成水浸狀斑，斑點隨後快速擴大、褪色、褐化並產生白色菌絲。分離自屏東縣林邊鄉的蓮霧黃腐病菌，經回接及再分離確認為蓮霧病原真菌。此外，造成蓮霧黃腐病的真菌亦可感染大豆（Glycine max）、花生（Arachis hypogaea）及紅豆（Vigna angularis）葉片，並可能感染茄子（Solanum melongena）、檬果（Mangifera indica）及棗（Ziziphus mauritiana）。以內轉錄間隔區（internal transcribed spacer, ITS）、組蛋白H3基因（histone H3）、β微管蛋白基因（β-tubulin）及轉錄因子-1α基因（transcription factor-1α, TEF-1α）部分序列進行多基因類緣分析，以及形態觀察比對結果，判定造成蓮霧黃腐病之病原真菌為Calonectria sulawesiensis。"

"A large number of cultivated apples were infected by wax apple yellow rot disease and caused important economic losses in Liugui District of Kaohsiung City, Linbian Township, Nanzhou Township and Donggang Township of Pingtung County. The symptoms of the wax apple yellow rot disease on the wax apple fruit appear at first as water-soaked spots. The spots enlarge rapidly and form brown, blighted areas and covered by white mold. The pathogens were isolated from wax apple fruit in Linbian Township, and Koch’s postulates were proven by pathogenicity tests on wax apple fruit. In vivo infection studies showed that the causal agent of yellow rot disease isolated from wax apple were able to infect soy bean (Glycine max), peanut (Arachis hypogaea) and adzuki bean (Vigna angularis) and also could infect eggplant (Solanum melongena), mango (Mangifera indica) and jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana). Portions of the internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin, histone H3, and transcription factor- 1α genes of the causal agent were sequenced for multigene phylogenetic analysis. The morphological characters were also used to identify. The results indicated that the causal agent of the wax apple yellow rot disease was Calonectria sulawesiensis."