葡萄晚腐病菌分子鑑定及對殺菌劑之感受性

Molecular identification and fungicide sensitivity of Colletotrichum isolates from grape in Taiwan

"由Colletotrichum species引起的晚腐病是臺灣地區為害最為普遍亦最為嚴重的葡萄病害。本研究以分生孢子形態及五種特定基因序列（ITS, GAPDH, ACT, TUB2, ApMat）鑑定近五年來分離自台灣地區的葡萄晚腐病菌，得知其主要菌種為C. viniferum，而次要菌種為C. tropicale。噴施化學藥劑並配合果實套袋是晚腐病的主要防治措施，因而藥劑效果是決定晚腐病防治成敗的關鍵因素。本研究以微量滴定盤法測試20種晚腐病防治藥劑之藥效，結果顯示各藥劑的抑菌效果對供試菌株具一致性。其有效抑制晚腐病菌孢子發芽的藥劑計有腈硫醌、克熱淨、鋅錳乃浦、免得爛、快得寧、保粒黴素（甲）及得恩地等7種，而有效抑制其菌絲生長的藥劑則有克熱淨、撲克拉及撲克拉錳等3種。"

"Ripe rot of grape caused by Colletotrichum spp. is a prevalent and severe grape disease in Taiwan. It always incurs great losses due to its fast dissemination by heavy rain in summer. Identification of the pathogens based on morphological and molecular characters indicated that C. viniferum was the dominant species and C. tropicale was the minor one in our culture collections. Chemical control followed by fruit bagging is the main measure to control this disease. Therefore, the effective fungicides are vital for the success of the disease control. In this study, we used microtiter plate method to evaluate the inhibition effect of the fungicides against the ripe rot pathogens. The results showed that dithianon, iminoctadine triacetate, mancozeb, metiram, oxine-copper, polyoxins and thiram were consistently effective to inhibit conidial germination of the pathogens, while only iminoctadine triacetate, manganese prochlorate and prochloraz were able to inhibit their mycelial growth."