香蕉黃葉病菌分子檢測技術之發展現況

Current developments of molecular detection technology for Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense

"香蕉（Musa spp.）包含香蕉（banana）與大蕉（plantains），被廣植於全球濕潤的熱帶與亞熱帶地區，為世界最重要的果樹之一。香蕉黃葉病（Fusarium wilt of banana）又名香蕉巴拿馬病（Panama disease）於世界各地普遍發生且具高度危害潛力，嚴重危害東亞、東南亞、非洲與拉丁美洲的香蕉產業，是全球香蕉生產主要限制因子。以準確的方法來監控植物的健康與早期檢測出病原菌，一向是病害管理策略上重要基石。近年來，由於分生技術的快速發展，新興的分生技術逐漸被用來協助診斷植物病害或檢測病原菌，如聚合酶連鎖反應（polymerase chain reaction, PCR）、即時聚合酶連鎖反應（real-time PCR）、恆溫環狀擴增法（loop-mediated isothermal amplification, LAMP）及隔絕式恆溫聚合酶連鎖反應（insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction, iiPCR）等分生技術，已被用來快速且專一地檢測香蕉黃葉病菌，這些技術最大的優勢在於其專一性高且更有效率，因此相當具有應用潛力與優勢。本文簡述香蕉黃葉病菌分子檢測技術的發展現況，並期待這些技術未來能協助維持田間衛生、幫助香蕉黃葉病田間預警工作，藉由避免該病原的傳播，進而減少香蕉黃葉病造成的經濟損失。"

"Bananas and plantains (Musa sp.) are cultivated in humid tropical and subtropical areas worldwide and are among the most important fruit crops in the world. Fusarium wilt of banana (FWB), which is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) and is commonly known as Panama disease, is a destructive disease that currently affects bananas in all banana-producing regions of the world, including Southern Asia, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Latin America. Accurate methods for monitoring plant health and detecting the pathogen in early stage are essential for formulating appropriate and timely disease management strategies to counteract the disease. Recently, an increasing number of molecular detection methods, such as conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), real-time PCR, real-time LAMP (RealAmp), and insulated isothermal polymerase chain reaction (iiPCR) assays, have been developed to specifically and rapidly detect Foc. These detection methods offer high degrees of detection sensitivity and specificity. Herein, we briefly review the molecular methods currently being used for the rapid and quantitative detection of Foc and monitoring of banana health, with the aim of providing the relevant technical information in order to encourage much needed research on reducing the dissemination of the pathogen and the economic impacts of FWB on the banana industry."