13種殺菌劑和7種除草劑對三種土壤線蟲的影響

The effect of 13 fungicides and 7 herbicides to 3 nematodes in the soil

"本實驗選用南方根瘤線蟲（Meloidogyne incognita）、南方根腐線蟲（Pratylenchus coffeae）與一種腐生性線蟲Rhabditis sp.進行試驗，測試供試藥劑對其直接致死率、卵孵化率、侵染寄主能力，以了解藥劑可能對線蟲影響的方式。供試藥劑選用13種殺菌劑和7種除草劑，其化學分類類型皆不相同。結果顯示有3種殺菌劑及5種除草劑對供試線蟲之抑制生長效果顯著。其中又以依得利（Etridiazole），施得圃（Pendimethalin）、丁基拉草（Butachlor）抑制線蟲生長之效果最穩定也最顯著，以上藥劑對南方根瘤線蟲與南方根腐線蟲有62.4%~100%的抑制生長能力，且皆可抑制南方根瘤線蟲卵孵化。二,四-地對南方根瘤線蟲二齡幼蟲有顯著的抑制生長能力，對南方根腐線蟲則無，但嘉磷塞異丙銨鹽的處理結果則相反，此現象說明不同的線蟲對同樣的藥劑也會有不一樣的反應。需要進一步的試驗來釐清這些藥劑抑制線蟲生長的作用機制，以供未來後續開發新的殺線蟲藥劑。"

"Two plant parasitic nematodes(PPNs) Meloidogyne incognita, Pratylenchus coffeae and a free living nematode Rhabditis sp. were used in this study. The mortality rate, egg hatching rate, penetration rate of the PPNs were recorded to illustrate the effect of 13 fungicides and 7 herbicides on these nematodes. The pesticides belong to different chemical categories were evaluated in this study. Three fungicides and 5 herbicides had significant ability to lead to higher mortality of the nematodes tested, among them, Etridiozole, Butachlor and Pendimethalin had the most significant and consistent effects on inhibiting nematode growth. These 3 pesticides caused 62.4%-100% mortality on both M. incognita and P. coffeae, and all could inhibit M. incognita egg hatching. 2, 4-D treatment had significant higher mortality to the J2 of M. incognita but not to P. coffeae, and Glyphosate isopropyl amino had the opposite effects, indicating different PPNs might react differently to the same pesticide. Further studies need to be done to illustrate the inhibition mechanisms of these pesticides, in hope that novel nematicide might be developed in the future."