台灣百香果病毒病之研究與防治之回顧

A review of the research and control of passionfruit virus diseases in Taiwan

"百香果乃西蕃蓮屬（Passiflora genus）植物中紫色種（P . edulis）與黃色種（P. edulis f. flavicarpa）或其雜交後代之通稱。自上世紀以來百香果已經成為世界上重要的果樹，廣泛栽植於台灣以及其他熱帶及亞熱帶地區。台灣之經濟生產始於1960年代，主要以製造果汁產品為主。但在1983年由於病毒病之爆發與快速蔓延摧毀了當時的果汁產業。筆者研究室自1980年起著手此一病害研究，當時證實至少有三種Potyvirus屬病毒及胡瓜嵌紋病毒（Cucumber mosaic virus, CMV）等四種病毒存在。後續完成此等病毒之抗血清製作與檢定法發展，因而順利建立無病毒百香果嫁接苗之繁殖與供應體系。經過連續二年之田間防治效果評估試驗，證實應用無病毒苗可有效延遲病毒病發生，降低最終發病率，而百香果之產量、品質及農民收益均可大幅度提升。故自1989年開始即建立每年於12月全面清除田間植株，而於1月份定植無病毒苗之防治模式且一直正常運作至今。估計自1990年起百香果病毒病每年之田間發病率均可被壓制在20%以下。本文除針對台灣百香果病毒病之發生、研究與防治之歷程進行回顧外，也就全球各地西蕃蓮科植物上所曾報導之病毒種類與特性予以整理，並且詳列本研究室過去所發展之百香果病毒檢測技術及促成此防治模式成功應用之因素也作了分析與討論。"

"Passionfruit (Passiflora edulis and P. edulis f. flavicarpa) is a popular fruit crop grown in Taiwan as well as other tropical and subtropical countries. In 1983, a severe virus epidemic outbreak occurred on passionfruit in Taiwan and quickly destroyed our passionfruit juice industry within a year. Cucumber mosaic virus, Passionfruit woodiness virus and two other potyviruses were later detected to be the cause of the severe damage. Specific antisera against each passionfruit viruses were prepared and successfully applied in the routine indexing program for the production of virusfree planting materials. Using the serological techniques, the ecology of virus transmission in the fields was also revealed. Based on the virus transmission ecology information, a control strategy was thus developed in 1988 and tested in Pu-Li area in a consecutive two-year field experiments. It was found that by the use of virusfree planting materials, virus disease epidemic could be significantly suppressed and both the fruit yield and quality of passionfruit could be increased. Since 1989, eradication of all passionfruit trees in December and replanting with virus-free plantlets in the following January has become a routine control program in all plantation areas in Taiwan. By an estimate, virus disease incidence has been suppressed to a level lower than 20% each year after this control strategy being officially implemented since 1990. This paper describes the scientific efforts devoted to the studies on passionfruit virus diseases and their control in Taiwan. Also, we have listed the reported viruses that have affected various Passiflora species including passionfruit plants in Taiwan and other parts of the world. In addition, detection and identification techniques for these viruses developed in Taiwan and their practical application in planting material propagation have been described and discussed."