蔬果中高殘留檢出率農藥對大鼠出生前發育之毒理影響評估

Evaluation of the Toxicity of the Pesticides Residing on Vegetable and Fruits Interfered with the Prenatal Development of Rats

本試驗探討腐絕、納乃得、愛殺松、滅達樂、芬化利、達馬松、陶斯松、四氯異苯腈、加保扶、毆殺松、加保利等十一種臺灣蔬果中高殘留檢出率農藥對大鼠出生前發育之毒性評估。結果顯示，母鼠生長性狀，腐絕、達馬松、陶斯松顯著降低母鼠體重及增加肝重及肝／體重比等。四氯異苯腈則顯著降低母鼠增重，其餘供試藥劑劑量對母鼠體重、肝、及肝／體重比無明顯影響。母鼠生殖性狀，腐絕與愛殺松顯著減少黃體數、著床數及子宮重及增加著床後胚損失數，其餘藥劑劑量對黃體數、著床數、子宮重、著床前胚損失數及著床後胚損失數等生殖性狀無明顯影響。仔鼠生長性狀，腐絕、陶斯松、加保扶及加保利顯著降低仔鼠數與仔鼠出生重，其餘藥劑劑量對仔鼠數、仔鼠異常數、仔鼠性比率及雌、雄仔鼠出生重等均無明顯影響。全部供試藥劑劑量對仔鼠外觀、內臟及骨骼等均無致畸胎性。各藥劑之系統毒性、胚胎毒性、仔鼠毒性及致畸胎性無害作用劑量（NOAEL）分別為，腐絕400、400、400及600mg/kg/day；納乃得9、9、9及9mg/kg/day；愛殺松10、5、10及10mg/kg/day；滅達樂90、90、90及90mg/kg/day；芬化利90、90、90及90mg/kg/day；達馬松5、5、5及5mg/kg/day；陶斯松8、16、8及16mg/kg/day：四氯異苯腈600、600、600及600mg/kg/day；加保扶2、1、1及2mg/kg/day；毆殺松30、30、120及120mg/kg/day；加保利80、20、20及80mg/kg/day。綜合以上結果，11種評估測試之農藥對於大鼠出生前發育之影響，應屬非典型發育毒性藥劑且無致畸胎性者。但對於是否對荷爾蒙產生干擾作用或仔鼠發育中之神經毒性則值得進一步探討。

"The pesticides, such as thiabendazole, methomyl, ethion, metaxalyl, fenvalerate, methamidophos, chlorpyrifos, chlorothalonil, carbofuran, acephate and carbaryl, with a high residual rate on vegetables and fruits were detected in Taiwan. The effect of these pesticides on the prenatal development of rats was evaluated in this investigation. Our results showed that the body weight of maternal rats was significantly reduced and the liver weight and the liver/body weight ratio were increased in treatment of thiabendazole, methamidophos and chlorpyrifos. Chlorothalonil reduced the weight gain. No significant effects were found on the growth of maternal rats treated with other pesticides. For the reproductive parameters of maternal rats, thiabendazole and ethion significantly decreased the numbers of corpus luteum and implantation sites and the weight of uteri, but increased the loss of post-implantation. No significant effects were observed when treated with other pesticides. Moreover, the effects of the pesticides on the growth of offspring were evaluated. Thiabendazole, chlorpyrifos, carbofuran and carbaryl significantly reduced the number of fetuses and fetal weight. No interferences were found in the natality of offspring when treated with other pesticides. All tested pesticides did not induce the abnormalities in external, visceral and skeletal examinations of fetal rats. The no observable adverse effect levels (NOAEL) of systemic toxicity, embryo toxicity, fetal toxicity and teratogenicity were 400, 400, 400 and 600 mg/kg/day for thiabendazole; 9, 9, 9 and 9 mg/kg/day for methomyl; 10, 5, 10 and 10 mg/kg/day for ethion; 90, 90, 90 and 90 mg/kg/day for metalaxyl; 90, 90, 90 and 90 mg/kg/day for fenvalerate; 5, 5, 5 and 5 mg/kg/day for methamidophos; 8, 16, 8 and 16 mg/kg/day for chlorpyrifos; 600, 600, 600 and 600 mg/kg/day for chlorothalonil; 2, 1, 1 and 2 mg/kg/day for carbofuran; 30, 30, 120 and 120 mg/kg/day for acephate; and 80, 20, 20 and 80 mg/kg/day for carbaryl, respectively. We conclude that the eleven pesticides may be not a teratogen, and the effects on the endocrine disrupting activity and developmental neurotoxicity in fetal rats need to be farther investigated."