記憶策略訓練對工作記憶容量的影響

The Effect of Mnemonic Training upon the Working Memory Capacity

本研究探討記憶術的訓練能否使個體的工作記憶容量產生改變。研究中以兩種圖像記憶術的訓練（位置記憶法、身體拴釘法），比較實驗組及控制組（各20位大一學生）在六種工作記憶作業上的表現。所有受試者先進行工作記憶測驗，一個星期之後，分別進行兩小時的團體訓練課程，實驗組接受圖像記憶術的訓練，而控制組接受與記憶術無關的思考法訓練。經過一個星期之後，兩組受試者分別接受第二次的工作記憶測量。結果發現，圖像記憶術的訓練，能使受試者在閱讀廣度、簡單視覺空間廣度及空間廣度等三方面的工作記憶容量增加。此結果顯示，工作記憶可以藉由訓練而改變；圖像記憶術使用視覺心像作為策略，使儲存更有效率，進而增加整個工作記憶的容量。

This study examined whether mnemonic training had an effect on working memory capacity. Two types of visual imagery mnemonic training， including Method of Loci and Body Hook， were adopted. The experimental group who received the mnemonic training was compared with the control group on six working memory tasks. Forty freshmen participated in this study. They were equally divided into the experiment and control groups. At first， all participants took the six working memory tasks， including Forward digits span， Backward digits span， Operation span， Reading span， Simple visuo-spatial span， and Spatial span tasks. A week later， both the experimental and control groups took a two-hour training course. The experimental group received training on imagery mnemonics， while the control group received the thinking method training unrelated to mnemonics.A week after the training， all participants took the six working memory capacity tasks again. The result showed that the imagery mnemonic training increased the working memory capacity of reading span， simple visuo-spatial span and spatial span. These results indicated that working memory capacity enhanced by training. Imagery mnemonics made the storage of information more effective by using visual imagery and further increased the capacity of visual working memory.