枯草桿菌菌體及其代謝產物對病原真菌之抑菌效果評估

Evaluation of the inhibition activity of Bacillus subtilis-based products and their related metabolites against pathogenic fungi in Taiwan.

許多重要的植物病害均是由土壤或根圈真菌索引起，已有研究人員利用土壤微生物間的拮抗作用，研發抑制真菌生長的生物防治藥劑，應用於田間防治。目前在自然界雖已篩選出一些具有殺菌活性的微生物，例如，假單胞菌（Pseudomonas sp.）、枯草桿菌（Bacillus subtilis）、木黴菌（Trichoderma sp.）與放線菌（Streptomyces sp.）等，但真正進入使場的產品仍不多。

"Many fungicides are being removed from the commercial market because they do not readily degrade in natural systems and/or they leave potentially hazardous residues in food and feed products. This has created a demand for safer products to prevent or delay the development of fungicide resistance or to reduce the risk of chemical pollution. In recent years, there has been considerable interest in using Bacillus subtilis (Bs), a gram-positive, spore-forming bacterium, as a biocontrol agent because of its ability to antagonize pathogens and repress plant diseases. In 2001, the first Taiwan domestic commercial biofungicide was registered for the control of pea powdery mildew. Bacillus subtilis has also been used to control soil-borne fungal pathogens under greenhouse conditions and in the field. However, there has been no report on comparisons of bioactivities among Bs-based products. We first established a bioassay method for Bs-based products on the basis of their inhibition activity against plant pathogens. Then, the bioactivities of 3 Bs-based products to 6 pathogenic fungi were individually tested. We report herein that only 1 Bs-based product was highly effective. These results show that the quality of these 3 Bs-based products is variable."