臺灣家屋空間中的儀式性器物——以公媽案桌陳設為例

The Ritual Items of Living Space in Taiwan The Arrangement of the Ancestral Altar

人類社會社交互動的過程中，在不同的生活環境與生活歷程之下，會逐漸發展出不同的社會群聚、民族文化或宗教信仰，並各自延伸出不同的儀式性意涵模式。臺灣一般常民的家屋空間中，自然也常因各個不同家庭狀況的特殊條件下，各自形成本體生活的常識系統，並且不自覺的將其過程儀式化、標準化，這種過程不但逐漸影響常民的人格特質，亦在許多共通之處中堆壘形成地方常識的文化體系。在本研究中除了以理解傳統家屋中的禮器或物件的使用方式外，並試圖了解部分使用者對這些禮器或物件中，在觀念上看似常識體系的隱喻性意涵，進而探討隱藏於目前家屋廳堂環境的隱性儀式性行為，自我與他者間一些普通生活習慣中表相看似一致的不同認知，與深層意涵間的異同和相互影響狀況。

"In human beings, social interaction with varied living environments and living processes, the human society gradually develop into different groups. indigenous cultures and religions, which has extended into diverse ritual modes, and represent many meanings. In Taiwan ,the living places shape their own living cognition system with different families under specific conditions, and people unconsciously make the process ritualized and standardized. However, this process not only affects the one's personality but also indirectly change the local cultural system; moreover, it coheres people's consciousness. This article aims to distinguish the usage of the ritual items or objects in the traditional households and attemps to implying understand the imply meanings of general living cognition systems to the users of these ritual items or objects. Furthermore, it also discusses the private ritual behaviors in the current family halls, the different concept of the living habits and its similarities and differences, and the mutual influences of the profound meanings between oneself and others. "