幼教生態的觸動與變革：檢視準公共教保服務政策

The Influence and Change of the Early Childhood Educare Ecology: An Review on the Quasi-Public Early Childhood Educare Policy

"臺灣自從1960年代開始，呈現私幼多於公幼的現象，兩者間的差距並在1980年代初期達到高峰。有關增設公幼、減輕家長托育負擔等呼聲，成為臺灣社會與幼教界的改革訴求，各縣市政府面對增設公幼的議題，也感受到莫大的壓力。為快速提供平價的幼教機會，行政院在2018年公布《我國少子女化對策計畫（107年-111年）》，其中並責成教育部與衛生福利部建置「準公共化機制」，開啟了準公共教保服務政策，並宣布自2018年8月於六都以外縣（市）先行辦理，2019年8月擴展至全國各縣（市），與政府簽約之準公共幼兒園數快速增加；以2020年為例，累計簽約之準公共幼兒園計有1,262所，可提供入園機會計133,435名，擴展規模令人關注。為瞭解準公共教保服務政策對幼教生態產生的影響，本研究旨在探討是項政策的內容及其實施。在研究方法方面，採取文件分析法與訪談法，在文件分析方面，針對準公共教保服務政策的緣起與內容加以探討；訪談部分，輔以訪談三所近兩年與政府簽約之準公共幼兒園園長，對政策實施及其相關問題加以探究。依據前述研究結果，研究者從新自由主義評析準公共教保服務政策的內涵，發現是項政策有迴避對公共服務部門效能與服務品質提升的情形，並針對後續政策發展應聚焦於協助準公共幼兒園提升教保品質提出建議。"

"Since the 1960s, Taiwan has more private kindergartens than public kindergartens, and the gap between the two reached a peak in the early 1980s. The calls for adding public kindergartens and reducing the burden of parent childcare have become the reform demands of Taiwanese society and the early childhood education (ECE) community. The county and city governments have felt great pressure on the issue of adding public kindergartens. In order to provide affordable opportunities for preschool children quickly, the Executive Yuan announced in 2018 the 'Countermeasures for the Reduction of Children in Taiwan (2018-2022)', in which it also instructed the Ministry of Education and the Ministry of Health and Welfare to establish a 'quasi-public ECE mechanism'. The quasi-public ECE policy was announced, and it was announced that it would be implemented in counties (cities) outside six municipalities from August 2018, and will be extended to counties (cities) across the country in August 2019. The number of quasi-public preschools signed with the government has increased rapidly; Taking 2020 as an example, the total number of contracted quasi-public preschools is 1,262, which can provide 133,435 admission opportunities, the scale of expansion is a cause for concern. In order to understand the impact of the quasi-public ECE policy on the ecology of ECE, this research aims to explore the content and implementation of this policy, and to make comments on the impact of the policy on the development of ECE. In terms of research methods, document analysis and interview methods are adopted. In terms of document analysis, the origin and content of the quasi-public ECE policy are discussed; the interview part is supplemented by interviews with three quasi-public preschool principals that have signed contracts with the government in the past two years, explores the implementation of the policy and related issues. Based on the aforementioned research results, the researchers analyzed the connotation of the quasi-public ECE policy from neoliberalism, and found that the policy avoids improving the efficiency and service quality of public preschools, and suggestions for follow-up policy development should focus on assisting quasi-public preschools to improve the quality of ECE."