宗教烏托邦社群的集體行動：基督教團體錫安山個案探討

The Collective Action of Religious Utopias: A Case Study of Christian Groups’Mount Zion

為了解決人類從家庭走向社會過程中出現的緊張與問題，社群主義主張建構一個類似家庭成員關係的社群組織來取代傳統的社會。這類社群生活需要成員去除自私、貪婪，滿足集體的利益，換言之，必須解決個人自利行為與集體行動衝突的問題。理想的烏托邦生活，雖然看起來困難，但在人類歷史上，卻不乏成功案例，如耶穌基督死後在中東建立起的初代教會、1870年代以來在北美重建的赫特教派（Hutterites）、阿米希教派（Amish），以及以色列的基布茲公社（Kibbutz）……等。這些宗教烏托邦對於人類克服集體行動的困境有何獨到與優越之處？臺灣高雄的錫安山，也是一個「凡物公用」、「公有共產」的公社組織。本文透過錫安山個案觀察，探討宗教因素對於克服集體行動困境的影響。

"In order to resolve human being’s anxieties and problems that arise over the course of their moving from the family to society, communitarians advocate constructing social organizations that reflect relationships analogous to family members in order to replace traditional society. This kind of communal life requires that members abandon any selfishness or greed for the benefit of the collective. In other words, they must resolve the conflict between individual self-interested behavior and collective action. The ideal utopian life, although it may appear difficult to achieve, has occurred in human history, and there is no shortage of successful cases, such as the First Church, established in the Middle East after Jesus’s death, the Hutterites, reestablished in North America in 1870, the Amish, and Israel’s Kibbutz, among others. What novel contributions or advantages do these religious utopias have for humanity overcoming the predicaments of collective action? Mount Zion in Kaohsiung, Taiwan is also acommune, where all things are recognized as available for public use and residents practice communal communism. Through an examination of the case of Mount Zion case, this article explores the influence of religious factors on overcoming the difficulties surrounding collective action."