COVID-19疫情對各國矯正機構之衝擊及因應對策

Impacts and responses taken to mitigate COVID-19 in correctional facilities around the world

2019 年 12 月底中國爆發新型冠狀病毒疾病（COVID-19）疫情，世界各國隨即爆發疫情；臺灣在這次 COVID-19 疫情能及早採取有效對策，使臺灣地區防疫成效相對成功，至今在矯正機關僅有一案例發生。世界各矯正當局為防止感染 COVID-19 採取的措施，以 COVID-19 毒病在監所中的爆發之前和之後的作為，分為三大措施：前端防堵策略（旨在減少病毒進入監獄），獄中管控策略（旨在限制病毒在監所中的收容人和同仁中傳播），後端釋放策略（旨在減少高風險收容人和同仁中感染的可能）。從國外措施，值得參考與借鏡，可分為：資訊透明，提供心理支持、防疫措施宜考量收容人權益、提供足夠的遠距接見或電話接見，以穩定收容人及家屬情緒、落實應變等級各項措施及新收收容人進行篩檢。

"Since the outbreak of COVID-19 at the end of December 2019, pandemic broke out in countries around the world in the beginning of 2020. Taiwan has been able to take effective countermeasures early in the COVID-19 epidemic, making Taiwan's epidemic prevention relatively successful. So far, it has been one case in correctional agencies. Based on the observations from other correctional systems in the world, there are three main types of COVID-19 mitigation strategies that have been employed by corrections managers to respond to COVID-19 outbreaks in prison – before and after the fact – that can be identified: front-end mitigation strategies(limit the movement of the virus into prison), in-prison control strategies (limit the spread of the virus among inmates and staff in prison), back-end release strategy (in order to reduce the possibility of infection among high-risk inmates and colleagues). We can learn from some strategies from abroad. They can be divided into: First, consideration should be given to the increased need for emotional and psychological support, for transparent awareness-raising and information-sharing on the disease. Second, the human rights framework provides guiding principles in determining the response to the outbreak of COVID-19. Third, providing video-calling and telephone visiting assure that continued contact with family and relatives will be upheld. Forth, following contingency planning is essential in ensuring an adequate health response and maintaining secure. Finally, screening of new inmates coming into facilities. "