跨海為父──1949年大陸遷臺青年父職初探

A Case Study of the Youths Who Moved to Taiwan on the Mainland Around 1949

在父親模糊的背影後自己如何展現父職？因戰爭遷臺的世代如何為夫為父與運用資源？本研究期瞭解一位1949大陸單身遷臺青年，現已年過90歲父親之父職歷程。採質性研究，以半結構式訪談與觀察親子互動，蒐集資料進行分析歸納結果為：（一）受訪者對結婚成家、養兒育女視為是理所當然的「人生階段」，成家立業是完成人生終極的價值所展現的行動；但因少小離家對父親的「父職」確實是模糊的，父職教養源自母親、崇敬的教育家及妻子的信仰與態度，但父愛卻銘刻於心。（二）受訪者回憶戰爭動盪離家轉折時，不認為是生命歷程中最低潮階段，自認當時「年輕充滿活力及理想與未料想從此海峽兩隔」是主因；跨海離家遷移此階段堅定了其必須更努力為老家開枝散葉、生育子孫的信念，因而奮力求學以獲取未來穩定資源，亦為受訪者踏出父職資源累積的第一步；在面對生命中重大事件時「配偶」與「信仰」為其最重要支持。（三）受訪者的父職確實透過生命歷程中的情感、行為、認知等經驗的累積而不同，雖無明確的資源管理概念，但個人、人際及脈絡資源的交互支持，助其完成父職。本研究之結果描繪了該世代男性青年為父之樣貌，其父職參與仍與其原生家庭父親相似，即以當時社會結構環境下的供給者為主，提供家庭好的氛圍環境為輔。對於沒有父職資源管理概念的年輕人而言，父職隨時間與子女數的增加滾動累積經驗，因摸索而成熟，發展出自己的模式。本研究為受訪者世代父職經驗和生命賦予輪廓，進一步提供其子代父職研究之參考，也依此建議對少子化世代更積極提供父職資源管理認知教育，以助其父職之實踐。

"How would a man with a few memories of his father become a good father himself? How would generations of people who migrated to Taiwan due to the war, distribute their resources after they became husbands and fathers? This study presents the fathering experience of a 90-year-old, who was a young man when he migrated from China to Taiwan in 1949. Adopting the qualitative approach; using semi-structured interviews and observation of the interaction between father and child; collecting data; and conducting thematic analysis, the study presents the following results. (1) The interviewee regarded marriage, family, and childrearing as necessary life stages. Establishing a family and a business represents the accomplishment of the ultimate values of life. However, leaving home at a young age lead to an ambiguous impression of fathering from his own father. In this regard, the beliefs and attitudes of the mother, respected educators, and the wife largely influence fathering style. (2) During the war, the interviewee was young, energetic, and ambitious. In addition, he did not expect a long period of separation from his family. In the phase of moving away from home and travelling overseas, the desire to reproduce was reinforced. Therefore, the interviewee was motivated to pursue education to obtain stable resources. This stage is the first in terms of accumulating fatherhood-related resources. He did not consider this situation as the most depressing period in his lifetime. When faced with important matters, spouse and faith became his primary support. (3) The fathering of the interviewee differed through the accumulation of experiences of affection, behavior, and cognition. Without a clear concept of source management, the interactive support of personal, interpersonal, and contextual resources assisted his fathering. The study described the fathering of his generation, where the men are mainly providers and partial promoters of an amiable atmosphere for families. For young people without a concept of fathering resource management, fathering would become increasingly mature as they accumulate experience and an increased number of children. The study highlighted the fathering experience and the lifetime of the interviewee and his generation. Suggestions about the practice and future studies of fathering were offered based on the findings of this empirical study."