母親在自閉症者音樂才能發展歷程之角色探究

The Role of Mother in Autistic Performers' Musical Talent Development

本研究主要目的在探討自閉症者音樂才能發展歷程中，母親在其才能發展階段所扮演的角色與從中所面對的困境和突破方式。相較於一般孩子，母親在自閉症孩子的教養過程伴隨著較高的壓力與較低的自我效能。因此，許多具有音樂潛能的自閉症兒童母親，往往在重重的壓力之下放棄堅持。本研究從才能發展典範的觀點，以個案研究法，邀請了兩位具鋼琴演奏才能的自閉症者的母親參與研究。兩位自閉症者在國際音樂比賽中獲得優異成績，鋼琴演奏才能備受專業肯定，本研究以兩位自閉症者的母親為研究個案，母親A曾獲得「十大傑出愛心媽媽慈暉獎」；母親B則為「日本自閉症者音樂協會」之創辦人。資料來源主要以半結構訪談為主並透過訪談稿的編碼與持續比較法，歸納分析母親在自閉症者音樂才能發展階段中的角色以及當中的挑戰與回應方式。研究發現由於自閉症者學習歷程中在溝通互動上的侷限，母親成為了自閉症者和教師之間、與其他相關人士之間的重要橋樑。兩位母親雖然背景不同，在支持過程中展現出了相同的個人特質，例如毅力、遠見、策劃能力、影響力；兩位母親也因支持自閉症者音樂才能的發展，改變了自身。研究結論母親在支持自閉症者音樂才能發展中的關鍵性，並依據研究結果對自閉症者才能發展的相關建議，提供特殊教育者與相關人士參考，尤其是自閉症者的重要他人。

"The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of mother in developing Autistic Performers' musical talent development. Despite the challenges met by the mothers, the mothers able to overcome it and nurture outstanding musical talent in their autistic children. Parenting an autistic child is full of heightened stress and it caused low parenting self-efficacy amongst the mothers. Based on the paradigm of talent development, this research implied case study as research method with two mothers as subject of study who successfully fostered autistic pianists that showed excellent musical talent. Both of the autistic pianists won medals in international level piano competition for person with special need, and was invited to perform nationwide and abroad. The mothers of these two outstanding pianists - Case A and Case Bare the main subject of this study. Apart of the achievement in their children, Case A had been awarded as''Ten-most Influential Mother''by Taiwan Disability-free Association, Case B was the founder of''Japanese Autistic Musician Society''. Semi-structure interview was used as the primary source of the findings, with the implication of constant comparative method throughout the research process. The finding of the research shows the mothers act as bridge between the autistic pianist and the teacher and well as other related person throughout the musical talent development. Although Case A and Case B showed different in national and family background, they possessed perseverance, foresight, managing skill, influential characters throughout the supporting process. With the above character, they can fulfill the factors need in autistic pianist's musical talent development. The success in musical talent changed the life of autistic pianists and brought light to the life of mothers. Suggestions for educators and parents in supporting musical talent development of autistic musicians will be provided based on the findings."