集體建設用地使用權物權規則之省察反思

Reflections on the Rules of Real Rights for the Use of Collective Construction Land

《民法典》物權編第361條延續《物權法》之引致性規定，未對集體建設用地使用權進行實質性制度構建，一定程度上減損了民法法典化之功能，在一定意義導致立法與法律適用成本增加，亦難以為集體建設用地入市提供以私權實現為導向的完整規則供給。為實現健全城鄉統一建設用地市場的改革目標，亟需凸顯集體建設用地使用權的物權屬性，明確''同地同權''的制度意蘊，平衡集體建設用地使用權之權利配置與土地管理權的關系。後民法典時代集體建設用地使用權的規則展開與體系構建，應回歸物權基本邏輯，系統明確集體建設用地使用權得失變更規則。

"The provisions stipulated in Article 361 of the Civil Code of PRC fail to provide substantive systems on the right to use collective construction land, which hereupon to a certain extent weakens the function that the Civil Code should play. It not only increases the cost of legislation and law application, but also fails to provide comprehensive rules which are oriented to realize real rights concerning the collective construction land marketing. In order to achieve the goal of improving the unified market on urban and rural construction land, it is urgent to highlight the real right attribute of the right to use collective construction land, to clarify the implication on“equal right for equal land”, and to balance the relationship between the right allocation on the right to use collective construction land and the regulation according to public law. Therefore in the post Civil Code era, the rules development and system construction on the right to use collective construction land should focus again on the basic logic of real rights, and systematically clarify the creation, extinction and modification of the right to use collective construction land."