網絡平臺獨家交易的違法性分析

Analysis on Illegality of the Network Platform Exclusive Trading

網絡平臺“二選一”行為引發了系列訟爭，焦點在於獨家交易違法性判斷。按照邏輯，平臺獨家交易違法性分析應以契合網絡經濟規律的法律標準為指引，以競爭損害為證成條件，以正當理由為阻卻要件。違法性得證與否最終落腳於競爭損害與正當理由的平衡分析。相比產出和價格，市場的可參與性、可競爭性以及平臺的可選擇性對消費者更為重要。依此標準觀之，獨家交易提高了平臺競爭對手的成本，導致市場封鎖並損害用戶自由選擇權利。當然，獨家交易也能夠激發網絡效應、生成自然壟斷，且有助於防止競爭對手“搭便車”。如競爭損害和正當理由兼而有之，仍需以較小限制替代測試確定違法與否。

"A series of litigation triggered by the ''either-or choice'' of network platform focused on the illegality of exclusive trading. The analysis of the illegality of network platform exclusive trading should be guided by legal standards that conform to the objective law of the network economy. The illegality can be demonstrated by competition injury. The undertakings can also take justification as the cause of illegality deterrence. Whether the illegality is proven or not ultimately depends on the balance analysis of competition injury and justification. Specifically, the participability, contestability of relevant market, and platform selectivity are more important to consumers than output and price. According to this standard, exclusive trading will raise rivals' costs, lead to market blockages and restrict users' freedom of choice. However, exclusive trading can also stimulate network effects, generate natural monopolies, and prevent competitors from free -riding. Where both competition injury and justification are involved, it is still necessary to substitute a test of less restrictive alternative to determine whether exclusive trading is illegal or not."