行政處罰決定公開的功能與界限

On the Function and Limits of Disclosure of Administrative Penalty Decisions

強化對行政執法活動的監督是處罰決定公開的主要目的，實現對社會的風險警示是處罰決定公開的附帶功能，聲譽制裁並非處罰決定公開的法定目的。行政處罰決定公開不適用''以公開為原則''的要求，僅有符合法定要求的行政處罰決定才應當公開；''具有一定影響力的行政處罰決定''可理解為針對侵害社會公共利益、社會影響較大的違法行為所作出的行政處罰決定。考慮到個人信息保護和聲譽保護的要求，以自然人為處罰對象的行政處罰決定應以匿名公開為原則，進行去標識化處理；基於風險警示功能的要求，以企業為處罰對象的行政處罰決定應以實名公開為原則。針對錯誤公開行為，應建立便利當事人行使更正、刪除等請求權的機制，允許當事人提起行政復議和訴訟，並就損害主張賠償。

"The main purpose of the disclosure of administrative penalty decisions is to strengthen the supervision of administrative law enforcement activities, its incidental function is risk warning, but reputation penalty is not the legal purpose of the disclosure of penalty decisions. The requirement of“openness as a principle”does not apply to the disclosure of administrative penalty decisions. Only those that meet the statutory requirements should be made public.“Penalty decisions with a certain influence”can be understood as those penalties against actions infringing upon social public interests and having agreat social impact. Considering the requirements of personal information protection and reputation protection, the administrative penalty decisions targeting natural persons should be made public in anonymity and deidentified; based on the requirements of risk warning function, the administrative penalty decisions targeting enterprises should be made public under the real names. In response to wrongful disclosure, a mechanism should be established to facilitate the parties to exercise the right to correction and deletion, and to allow the parties to recourse to the administrative review and administrative litigation mechanism to claim compensation for damages."