刑事遠程審判的實踐樣態與理論補給

On the Practices and Theories of Remote Criminal Trial

歷史沿革和實證數據表明，刑事遠程審判的發展具有一定的內生性和自主性，其應用前景可期；其案件覆蓋能力和程序延展空間可觀，但應用對象以簡單、認罪案件為主，程序適用上以低成本程序為主。在歷經十余載的自主探索和一年多的應激適用後，刑事遠程審判形成了具有初步模式化特徵的實踐樣態，取得了一些積極成效，但也暴露出''權力導向''的結構偏恃和關乎程序正當性的訴訟紛爭。庭審方式的變革雖已觸及訴訟程序內核，但刑事遠程審判的主體運行框架卻依然是傳統的訴訟規則體系，與之相匹配的遠程訴訟程序規則亟待建立。在梳理和總結刑事遠程審判的實踐樣態、特徵與運行規律的基礎上，應當及時完成理論補給，包括明確程序定位、強化法律規制，以緩解實踐、制度與理論之間的割裂、緊張關係。

"Historical development and empirical data show that the development of remote criminal trial has certain endogeneity and autonomy, and its application prospect is good. Its coverage capacity and program extension space are considerable, but the application is mainly targeting simple and guilty plea cases, and the program application is mainly low-cost programs. After more than ten years of independent exploration and more than one year of stress application, remote criminal trial has formed a practice pattern with preliminary modular characteristics and achieved some positive results, but it also exposed the structural bias of“power orientation”and litigation disputes related to procedural legitimacy. Although the reform of trial mode has touched the core of litigation procedure, the main operational framework of remote criminal trial is still the traditional litigation rules system, and the corresponding remote litigation rules need to be established urgently. On the basis of combing and streamlining the practice, operational characteristics and system status of remote criminal trial, we should complete the theoretical framework in time, including clarifying the procedural status and strengthening legal regulation, so as to alleviate the separation and tension between practice, institution and theory."