清代的典習俗、法律應對與裁判實踐：以浙閩兩省為考察中心

清代的典習俗是發達的土地金融市場的產物。理解該時期的典習俗實踐，應主要從市場－產權邏輯出發，不宜過度依賴情感－倫理邏輯。出典、回贖、找價、絕賣等行為，均體現出充分的市場理性和明確的產權邊界。清代各級政權立法對典的規制，各地方———尤其浙、閩———官府對涉典糾紛的審斷，也多符合市場－產權邏輯，從而有效地保護和促進了資源流通和經濟效率。對清代典習俗、相應法律表達與實踐的研究，有助於增進當代學界對傳統經濟與法律的更清晰認識，並為當代地權改革和國家治理體系的完善，提供有益的歷史鏡鑒。

"The custom of dian in the Qing dynasty was a product of a highly developed land-financial market. The understanding of the practice of that custom in this period should be mainly based on the logic of market and property right instead of the emotional-ethical logic. The acts of than-sales, redemptions, price-adding, and permanent sales all reflected full market rationality and clear boundaries between various property rights. Regulations of dian by legislation at all levels of the Qing state and the adjudication of disputes involving dian by various local governments-especially in Zhejiang and Fujian-were also in line with the market-property logic, thus effectively protecting and promoting the circulation of resources and economic efficiency. The study of Qing's than custom, the corresponding legislative presentation, and relevant judicial practice will provide contemporary scholarship a clearer understanding of traditional economy and law, and will provide useful historical insights for contemporary land rights reform and the improvement of the state governance system."