中國大陸的高等教育改革

Higher Education Reform in Mainland China

本文以中國大陸高等教育發展之嬗變軌跡為主軸，從中共建政後政治發展和高等教育改革的歷程視角，研究大陸高等教育體系的變化脈絡。改革開放後，中國提出「建設有中國特色的社會主義」的國家總體建設方略，為開創社會主義現代化建設新局面，推出一連串高等教育管理體制改革和調整結構，並透過政策指導和法制建設，追求建成一個「與社會主義市場經濟體制和政治體制、科技體制改革相適應的教育新體制」。中國大陸的高等教育改革在社會主義體制下仍高度追求和國際接軌，本文在當代中國高等教育改革道路上體察其情境，探討其高等教育改革重要取向，發現如追求建設世界一流大學政策更張、深受資源配置影響的教育公平失衡、高教管理體制和大學自主治理的競和等將會是持續普遍受到關注的議題。

"This paper focuses on the evolution of higher education in mainland China, from two perspectives of Party and government’s policy guidance and legal system construction to study the higher education system changing context in China. Since the implementation of the Reform and Opening policy and system, China has put forward the construction strategy of 'building socialism with Chinese characteristics', continue to reform and adjust the structure of the management system of higher education, and try to build a 'new education system that is adaptable with the reform of the socialist market economy system, political system and scientific and technological system.' This study detailed introduction the evolution process and content of China's higher education reform policy in the past 40 years, meanwhile discusses the important policy orientation of higher education reform in mainland China, such as the adjustment of world-class university policy, the balance between resource allocation and education equity, competition and harmony between higher education management system and University self- governance. We will watch the road of higher education reform on contemporary China continually."