英文摘要 |
"Tunisia is recognized as the only democracy in the Arab region, and the choice and operation of its constitutional system should be of great theoretical and practical value, but there is a lack of systematic research on this topic in the academic literature. Moreover, the existing theories of constitutional choice are mainly based on the experience of constitutional development in the pre-century countries and have their limitations in explaining the case of Tunisia in the 21st century. The formation of a semi-presidential system in Tunisia differs from the experience of many third-wave democracies in that it is a transformation from a strongman presidential system in which the citizens directly elected the president to a semi-presidential democracy in which the power of the president is reduced. This is relatively rare in the global experience of constitutional transformation in this century, and is currently unique in the Arab world.The formation of such a system is the result of both a compromise between the institutional preferences of the political parties and a conscious constitutional choice. In terms of constitutional norms, it is an atypical“premier-presidentialism”within the semi-presidential subtype. By analyzing the composition and operation of the successive governments after the implementation of the new constitution, and by exploring the role of the electoral system and party politics, as well as the controversial incidents of presidential and prime ministerial authority and constitutional crises, this paper presents the tug-of-war between the“compromise of power-sharing”and“presidential supremacy”in the actual operation of the country’s semi-presidential system. Finally, as an emerging democracy, the root causes of constitutional controversies in Tunisia are not entirely institutional, although non-institutional factors, including president himself and party politics, also play an important or more direct role. However, the review of the constitutional system is a topic that continues to be of great concern in the country. The prospect of a semi-presidential system on the road to democracy in Tunisia is an issue of continuing interest for constitutional studies." |