從吉川唐宋詩風之別，論宋詩航海書寫的精神特質

An Essay about the Spiritual Characteristics of Nautical Writing in Song Poetry Based on the Yoshikawa's Viewpoint of the Different Style between Tang and Song Poetry

吉川幸次郎論及唐宋詩風之別時，曾提出宋詩較唐詩更富哲思與揚棄悲哀的人生觀，本文據此先觀察出唐代200多首航海詩大致體現出宦途失意之憂、海上生計之苦、海上軍事之險、送友航行之愁等四種「憂」的書寫類型，然後再由1400多首宋代航海詩中選取代表作近50首為研究對象，結合寫作背景，從歷史的視角考察宋詩對上述唐詩四種航海之「憂」類型的新變之處，具體觀察出其內涵除了對唐航海詩「憂」的淡化與超越外，還新增「喜」的特質，不僅印證吉川的觀點，亦可作為理解宋代文人的新取徑；同時，也見出宋詩航海書寫所展現的異於傳統詩歌的、閑淡自適與激昂壯闊兼而有之的藝術風格與特徵。

"Yoshikawa Kojiro appointed that much more good thoughts and worldviews of sublet sorrow existed in Song poetry than Tang poetry. This paper observes that more than 200 Tang Dynasty nautical poems generally induct four writing types of the spiritual characteristic of''sorrow.''By choosing 50 poems from 1400 nautical Song poems to analyze, in combination with the poets' writing background, we study the inheritance and transformation of the above four writing types of Tang poetry in Song poetry from the historical perspective and find that these poems not only downplayed and transcended''sorrow,''but further included a new feature of''joy.''It confirms Yoshikawa's viewpoint and serves as a new path to understanding the Song literati. Moreover, it reveals Song's artistic style and characteristics different from tradition and combined with idle and bold nautical writing of Song poetry."