先秦時期「忠」的意涵與轉化

The meaning and transformation of“loyalty”in the pre-Qin period

「忠」這個觀念，一直以來被視為在中國傳統政治中，是臣子對君主的一種德行表現。然而，透過對傳統文獻及地下出土史料的發現，對於「忠」在先秦時期，並非僅指「忠君」此一意涵。為能清楚瞭解「忠」意涵的演變過程，按傳統文獻及近年地下出土史料作參照，將「忠」於先秦時期，就「忠」的起源意義，以及春秋、戰國至秦漢時期，其意義演進過程作一探析。以期透過本文的探索，能對「忠」字的原始意義作一釐清。

"The concept of“loyalty”has long been regarded as a moral expression of the subject's deeds towards the monarch in traditional Chinese politics. However, through the discovery of traditional literature and underground unearthed historical materials, for“loyalty”in the pre-Qin period, not just refers to the meaning of“loyalty”. In order to clearly understand the evolution process of the meaning of“loyalty”, according to traditional literature and recent underground unearthed historical data as a reference, the“loyalty”in the pre-Qin period, on the origin of“loyalty”, as well as the Spring and Autumn, Warring States to the Qin and Han periods, its significance evolution process for an analysis. In order to explore this paper, we can make a clear understanding of the original meaning of the word“loyalty”."