酒駕違法行為之醫療處遇──現有刑事司法制度之因應與未來展望

Medical Treatment for the Offenders of Drink-driving: Countermeasure of the Criminal Justice System and Future Aspects

酒後駕駛肇事，屢屢成為社會新聞與民眾關切事件。除了嚴刑重罰之外，其實世界各國對於酒駕問題的預防措施，除了制定酒駕法規，嚴格執行路檢酒測之外，近年來更強調，提供為酒駕者復健或醫療介入的計畫。最主要有兩個原因，對於酒後駕駛提供復健或醫療介入，實證上的確降低再次酒駕，改變其行為模式；再者，研究與調查亦一再證實，酒駕初犯有相當比率之酒精使用疾患，而重複酒駕者，具有相當高比率的酒精使用疾患或更為嚴重之酒癮，而需要進一步的醫療處置。本文首先敘明，國際上對於駕駛人使用酒精所造成之車禍危險性，及酒駕於世界各國之狀況與防制作為，並且回顧酒駕復健或醫療介入在各國執行成效。最後，呈現筆者服務醫院主責的臺北市酒駕醫療介入計畫，酒精篩檢簡短介入與醫療轉介模式之成果，期待我國酒駕醫療介入可以有更為廣泛的推廣與發展。

"Drink-driving related crashes have repeatedly become high profile news and public concern. In addition to strict penalties, European countries and the United States have formulated drinking-driving laws and strictly enforced road-check and alcohol testing. In recent years, they have emphasized the provision of rehabilitation or medical intervention programs for people who involve drink-driving. The main reasons have two. For those involved in drink-driving, providing rehabilitation or medical intervention does empirically reduce the behavior of drink-driving reoffending and change their behavior patterns. Moreover, research and investigation have repeatedly confirmed that persons of first-time drink-driving have a considerable proportion of alcohol use disorders. In contrast, those with recurrent drink-driving have a relatively high portion of alcohol use disorders or more severe alcohol dependence and require further medical treatment.This article first explains the international investigation about the risk of car accidents caused by drink-driving drivers and the status of drink-driving in European countries and the United States, also their preventive measures. It also reviews the implementation effects of drink-driving rehabilitation or medical intervention in those countries. Finally, the author presents the results of the Taipei City Drink-Driving Medical Intervention Program using the brief intervention of alcohol screening and the medical referral (SBIRT) model. It is hoped that the drink-driving medical intervention can be promoted and developed more widely in Taiwan."