犯罪被害狀況及其分析──我國首次犯罪被害趨勢與服務調查報告

"National Crime Victimization Report, 2021-The First Preliminary Investigation of the Trend and Victim Services from Official Records"

"本報告為我國首次嘗試出版犯罪被害狀況及其分析，亦是首次的犯罪被害趨勢與服務調查成果。報告分為七個部分，首先描述官方紀錄中被害案件與事件的趨勢，接下來回顧被害服務之關鍵議題，諸如：我國現行犯罪被害法制及修法展望，以及社會矚目之修復式司法實施狀況與國內外趨勢，以及兒少虐待被害之防治。最後歸納結論及針對被害統計實務、研究，以及被害人保護政策及措施等分別提出若干建議。有關被害狀況之分析資料主要來自於內政部警政署刑事警察局及衛生福利部，有關刑事司法及犯保組織提供被害人服務等資料則來自司法院、衛生福利部、內政部警政署、法務部統計處、矯正署，以及財團法人犯罪被害人保護協會等機關之官方統計與個案服務系統資料等。綜整各種資料來源，分析過去10年警察紀錄的刑案統計結果發現全般刑案與指標性財產犯罪被害人口率均有大幅下降，另影響治安最甚之指標性暴力犯罪被害人口率也大幅下降，警察紀錄之刑案大幅下降的趨勢與日本相仿。在過去10年間被害人口率未見明顯下降的包括詐欺、網路犯罪、一般傷害等。若就衛生福利部提供的家庭暴力通報人口率來看的話，10年來的增加大多是非親密關係的家庭暴力通報增加，尤其是兒少保護以及老人虐待類型。在被害人與刑事司法的互動部分，警察機關目前最大宗之被害人保護工作仍為受理家庭暴力案件、聲請與執行保護令等，上述受理件數均逐年上升，至於非家庭暴力案件被害人之訟訴權益、人身安全及隱私保護服務等仍在起步階段。檢察機關目前主要的被害人保護工作即為每年均緩慢增加之被害補償金與扶助金的受理與審議，及近年來案量略為減少的修復式司法服務。法院當前最主要的被害人服務項目為保護令的受理與核發，以及兒少性剝削的審理等。最後，目前我國矯治機構辦理假釋審查被害人意見陳述仍以書面為主，每年約在137-212件之間。在被害人當中，兒少、女性、高齡者、外籍人士等由於本身的弱點因素與被害後的需求，特別值得關注。本報告分析了近10年相關資料發現外籍人士被害與兒少受虐被害人數並無顯著上升，惟近年來兒少受虐類型經歷重大變革，但仍以身體受虐的類型為多數，男女皆然。此外，受到兒童及少年性交易防制條例的修正施行，在106-109年間的兒少性剝削被害類型均以拍攝、製造兒少為性交或猥褻行為之物品為最多，大多數為警察責任報告得知。女性被害人的統計發現被害人口率在過去10年約下降1/4左右。值得注意的是109年的女性性暴力（妨害性自主、妨害風化）被害人數以及性侵害被害通報人數均打破歷年下降趨勢，較108年上升了24.2%及12.89%。我國的犯罪被害人保護組織根據現行犯罪被害人保護法提供服務，根據財團法人犯罪被害人保護協會統計：每年在案人數約在7,000-9,000人之間，其中有1/6為新案，平均結案服務日數為3年7個月，服務對象為女性居多。未來犯保修法將朝向提升犯罪被害人權益、服務對象擴張以及更人性化與量身訂做的服務措施等方向。在未來犯罪被害人保護的重大議題上，本報告比較我國修復式司法和歐洲國家的發展，點出當前的挑戰與提供未來發展建議。我國109年有21名兒少在家內受虐至死，故本報告亦針對未來兒少保護措施提出建言。研究團隊根據此次資料蒐集與分析的經驗，建議未來警察機關統計實務強化被害統計以及報案事件的統計，另也觀察到現今對被害人年齡分類似無法因應高齡化社會趨勢。針對人口販運、性騷擾以及類似特別法案件的統計實務與資料公開仍待加強，另現行統計無法有效掌握詐欺以及網路犯罪和新興型態犯罪被害狀況。未來也必須因應犯罪被害人保護法修法與跟蹤騷擾防治法立法，規劃可行與具有前瞻性的統計實務。研究團隊在跨國比較的過程中發掘被害調查的重要性，以及建議針對修復式司法與兒少保護政策應投注更多資源與心力，以完善我國的犯罪被害人保護政策。"

"This report is the first report in Taiwan to synthesize the official data of crime victimization and victim services from 2011 to 2020. There were seven sections: crime victimization trend, criminal justice protection, child and juvenile victims, victimization of specific groups (i.e., females, elders, and foreigners), legal amendment and prospects for victims’rights, discussion of restorative justice and child protection issues, and suggestions.Data were collected from the Criminal Investigation Bureau, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Judicial Yuan, National Police Agency, Statistics of Justice, Agency of Corrections, and Association for Victims Support. Key findings were summarized as follows.1.The overall crime victimization rate per 100,000 population declined, including violent and property crime victimization. But, victimization of fraud, cybercrime, and general injury did not move downward.2.As for domestic violence incidents, the notification rate per 100,000 population showed that the non-intimate relationship cases increased, in particular among the cases of child/juvenile protection and elder abuse.3.Regarding the victim protection services in the criminal justice system, the most frequent cases in the police were domestic violence, including restraining order petition and enforcement, in the prosecution agency were the acceptance and review of victim compensation and subsidy, in the court were the acceptance and grants of restraining orders, in the correction institution were processing the victims’written opinion statement in the parole review, approximately 137-212 cases per year.4.In terms of the victimization of minority groups, the number of foreigner victims as well as child/juvenile victims did not significantly increase. Despites the recent great change to recognize varieties of child/juvenile abuse, physical abuse remained the most to both boys and girls. Moreover, among the victims of sexual exploitation of children and juveniles during 2017-2020, those filmed or made objects for sexual intercourse or obscene behavior were the most and of which, the most were learned from the police duty reports.5.The crime victimization rate per 100,000 population among females has approximately dropped by 1/4 during 2011-2020. It is noted that in 2020, the number of female victims of sexual violence and the number of notified victims of sexual assault contrasted the declining trend over the years, and as opposed to 2019, each number of victims increased by 24.2% and 12.89%, respectively.6.According to the statistics of the Association for Victims Support, the number of people on file was between 7,000 and 9,000 each year (1/6 were new cases), the average number of service days were 3 years and 7 months, and the most service recipients were females.On grounds of the experiences of this data collection and analysis, several suggestions were provided. The prominent and compelling feature is to refine statistics. For example, it is essential to distinguish the statistics of crime victimization“incidents”from“cases”, to re-attribute the age group in response to the aging society, to disclose the statistical practice and information on human trafficking, sexual harassment, and similar special law cases, to effectively grasp the status of fraud, cybercrime, and emerging crime victimization, as well as to prepare feasible and futuristic statistical practice for the revision of Crime Victim Protection Law and legislation of Anti-Harassment and Stalking Law. Lastly, it is suggested that victim survey is indispensable, and more resources and efforts should be devoted to restorative justice and child/juvenile protection practices in order to advance the nation-wide crime victim protection policies."