顏面損傷者之生活品質及其影響因素之探討：以陽光社會福利基金會為例

Factors Associated with the Quality of Life Among People with Facial Disfigurement: Evidence from the Sunshine Social Welfare Foundation

臉部對人而言有重要意涵，顏面損傷（以下簡稱「顏損」）可能對個人生理、心理及社會關係產生衝擊，進而影響生活品質，但國內關於顏損者之生活品質的系統性研究極為有限。障礙研究中的醫療／個人模式將障礙視為個人問題，而社會模式則關注環境對人的限制，重視移除障礙、改變環境。本文研究目的為探討顏損者之生活品質狀況，並由醫療／個人模式與社會模式衍生之變項作為解釋顏損者生活品質的因素。本文研究方法以人口背景、顏損相關與社會環境變項為自變項，以「台灣簡明版世界衛生組織生活品質問卷」為依變項生活品質的測量工具，採分層配額隨機抽樣，於2015年透過陽光社福基金會招募面訪304位顏損者，並以次序邏輯斯與多元迴歸分析呈現顏損者之生活品質與其影響因素。本文研究結果發現相較於台灣常模及國外顏損者之生活品質調查結果，受訪顏損者整體生活品質較低；社會支持及社會參與因素對生活品質有較顯著的正向解釋力；此結果可供研究者及服務提供者參考。

"Purpose: The face has important meanings for people. Facial disfigurement may have comprehensive impacts on people both physically and psychologically, as well as in social relations, thereby influencing the overall quality of life. Nevertheless, systematic research related to the quality of life among people with facial disfigurement is still extremely limited in Taiwan. The individual/medical model and social model in disability studies were applied to explain the level of quality of life among people with facial disfigurement in this study. Methods: This study conducted a representative population-based survey in 2015 through face-to-face interviews involving 304 people with facial disfigurement. The interviewees were randomly sampled from the service users of the Sunshine Social Welfare Foundation. The concept of quality of life was measured by the WHOQOL-BREF (Taiwanese version), and factors associated with quality of life were divided into three groups: demographic backgrounds, facial impairment factors, and social environment factors. Descriptive statistics, ordinal logistic regression and multiple regression analyses were employed to present the features and factors associated with quality of life. Results: Compared to the findings drawn from the general population in Taiwan and people with facial disfigurement in the U.K. and Turkey administered with the same questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF), the level of quality of life among our respondents was relatively lower. Regarding factors associated with their quality of life, the type and degree of facial disfigurement was significantly related to the physical domain; the variables of social support and social participation were significantly related to the four domains of quality of life. However, demographic variables were less significantly related to the quality of life as determined in the present study. Conclusions: The results of this study were found to be similar to those in the related literature; social support and social participation were constructive factors leading to the improvement of quality of life among people with facial disfigurement. The results of this study could be useful for researchers and service providers."