孤寂及其評量之實證文獻回顧分析

An Evidence-Based Literatures Review of Loneliness and Related Measurements

孤寂是一個全球重視的心理健康問題，隨著科技快速發展與5G時代來臨，人際互動減少與關係疏離漸遠，導致民眾孤寂感增加。孤寂是個人的主觀情緒感受，其盛行率約在10-22%，長期慢性的孤寂感可能導致多種生理問題及精神症狀，嚴重者甚至增加自殺風險。本文以「孤寂」、「孤寂量表」為關鍵字，不限年代蒐集相關量表的英文實證文章，輔以手動搜尋中英文獻，進行彙整與回顧，最後分析使用於不同年齡層的七類孤寂量表，以UCLA與De Jong Gierveld兩類孤寂量表最常被使用，大型調查則常採用三題或單題孤寂量表做為篩檢，然簡短量表較缺乏信效度資料。本文期能提供未來學術研究及臨床應用之參考，建議進一步針對不同年齡層孤寂感的成因與介入進行探究，以降低其對身心健康之負向效應。

"Loneliness is a global mental health issue. With the rapid development of science and technology in the 5G era, direct interaction between people has gradually decreased, and interpersonal relationships have become more distant, leading to the increase of loneliness. Loneliness is a personal subjective feeling. The prevalence of loneliness ranged between 10-22%. Chronic and sustained loneliness may result in a variety of physical problems and psychological distress. The most severe form of loneliness may even increase suicide risks. The research team used the keywords“loneliness”and“loneliness scale’’to search for empirical studies and reviewed related articles by hand with no year limitation. Upon integration, the authors categorized the measurements into seven kinds of loneliness scales across different ages, among which the UCLA and De Jong Gierveld loneliness scales are the most used. Brief versions of loneliness measurements such as three-item or one-item questionnaires were more commonly used in large-scale surveys; however, they tend to lack of validation analysis. This review provides implications for future academic development and clinical applications on the topic of loneliness. Further studies should target at the cause and intervention of loneliness in different age groups to lower the negative impacts of loneliness on physical and psychological health."