國際多式聯運合同法律適用問題研究——以中國《海商法》第105條為中心

Applicable Law of International Multimodal Transport Contract——Focusing on Article 105 of China’s Maritime Law

司法實踐對我國《海商法》第105條的''調整該區段運輸方式的有關法律規定''理解不同，法律適用不一，爭議的實質是混合合同說及獨立合同說的理論分歧。世界范圍內，不同國家在多式聯運合同性質及法律適用上各自選擇了不同的構建路徑，但是都呈現出限縮法律適用不確定性的趨勢。我國司法實踐中認為第105條可以指引外國法適用的觀點，與世界其他國家的立法與實踐都相反，既不利于中國法域外適用保護出口貨物托運人利益，實際運行中也易造成訴訟程序拖延和增加當事人訴訟負擔。本文從我國《海商法》第105條適用爭議入手，結合世界范圍內多式聯運法律適用的立法趨勢和模式，提出完善我國多式聯運立法和法律適用進路的思考。

"Judicial practice has a different understanding of Article 105 of the Maritime Law—''Each leg of transportation shall be subject to the legal rules applicable to that leg''.The essence of the dispute is the theoretical difference between the hybrid contract theory and the independent contract theory.Around the world,different countries have chosen different construction paths in terms of the nature of multimodal transport contracts and the application of law,but they all show a tendency to limit the uncertainty of legal application.Contrary to the legislation and practice of other countries in the world,in China’s judicial practice,there are views that Article 105 can guide the application of foreign laws.This approach to the application of law is not conducive to protecting the interests of shippers of exported goods,and is also likely to cause delays in litigation procedures,thus improperly increasing the litigation burden of the parties.This article starts with the disputes over the application of Article 105,sorts out the defects of the existing legal application views,draws on the global multimodal transport legislation and practical experience,and finally proposes improvement suggestions on the application of law in China’s multimodal transport."