論侵害人格權益財產損失賠償中的法院酌定

On Discretion of the Court in Compensation for Property Loss Infringing on Personality Rights

在人格權侵權中不斷擴大法院酌定賠償數額的權力，是比較法上重要的發展趨勢，我國《民法典》侵權責任編在《侵權責任法》立法經驗的基礎上，對侵害人格權益財產損失賠償中的法院酌定規則作出了規定，順應了這一發展趨勢。法院酌定的對象是受害人的財產損失數額，而非行為人的獲利數額;在人格權侵權中，受害人可以請求法院酌定賠償數額，法院也可以依據職權酌定賠償數額，而且在受害人請求行為人賠償財產損失但無法證明財產損失數額以及行為人的獲利數額時，法院也應依職權酌定賠償數額。法院在酌定賠償數額時需要考慮多種因素，出于損害預防的需要，法院一般應當以擬制的許可使用費數額、行為人的獲利數額等損害預防類的參考因素為基礎酌定賠償數額。

"It is an important tendency in the development of comparative law to continuously expand the power of the court to determine the amount of compensation in the infringement of personality rights. Conforming to this development trend and continuing the legislative experience of the Tort Liability Law, China’s Civil Code stipulates rules of the court discretion in compensation for property loss infringing on personality rights. The object of the court’s discretion is the amount of the injured party’s property loss rather than the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit. In the case of infringement of personality rights, the court may determine the amount of compensation at the discretion according to its own authority, and the injured party may request the court to determine the amount of compensation at the discretion as well; moreover, when the injured party claims against the tortfeasor to compensate for property loss but unable to provide the proof of the amount of one’s own property loss nor the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit, the court is also obliged to determine the amount of compensation at the discretion in accordance with its authority. For the need of preventing damage, in specific cases, the court shall generally determine the amount of compensation at the discretion based on reference factors of damage prevention such as the amount of proposed royalties, the amount of the tortfeasor’s profit,and so forth."