論股東派生訴訟中的公司抗辯權

The Corporation’s Right of Defense in the Shareholder Derivative Action

在我國目前的股東派生訴訟制度中，股東是訴訟的決定者，公司作為原本的請求權主體的訴訟決定權和抗辯權卻被忽視了。在未來的《公司法》修訂中，可以考慮增加股東派生訴訟的庭前司法審查程式，將原告股東資格、前置程式要件、公司利益受損的事實和違反公司利益的重大事由均列為審查事項。在該程式中，公司得以訴訟違反公司最佳利益為由行使抗辯權，以阻止訴訟的進行。法院對上述事項進行審查，特別是對公司抗辯事由進行形式審查和實質審查後決定是否進入股東派生訴訟的庭審程式，以此實現股東和公司之間的利益平衡，並降低司法成本。

"In the shareholder derivative action system in China, the shareholder becomes the decision maker of the lawsuit, but the corporation’s right to decide and defend the lawsuit as the original claimant is ignored. In the Company Law reform in the future the pretrial judicial review procedure shall be introduced into the shareholder derivative action, in which the court shall review the eligibility of the plaintiff shareholder, the demand requirement prior to the derivative action, the harm to the corporation, and the reasons for the refusal of the corporation to pursue litigation. The corporation can state its reasons for defense in this procedure. The court will decide whether to enter the trial procedure of the shareholder derivative action after the review of the above items, especially the formal and substantive review of the corporation’s reasons to defend, in order to strike a balance of interests between shareholders and the company and reduce the judicial cost."