大陸和美國早期聽力篩查和介入實踐比較研究──兼對幾個重要概念誤用現象的討論

A Comparative Study of Early Hearing Screening and Intervention in Mainland China and the United States--A discussion on the misuse of several important concepts

早期聽力篩查和介入實踐是幫助聾或重聽兒童獲得與普通兒童相同成功機會的有效途徑。美國的實踐處於世界領先地位，大陸在學習的同時也具備了自身特點。在發展過程方面，美國是先篩查後介入的漸進式發展，大陸是篩查與介入同時起步、同時發展的過程。在框架體系方面，美國已建立起篩查—確診—介入的完整體系，大陸由於缺乏外部整體性和內在延續性，只是初步具備了基本流程框架。在具體內容方面，大陸和美國兩國篩查和確診內容相似，但早期介入內容有所區別。美國的早期介入內容相對廣泛，不局限於口語學習。大陸的早期介入主要內容是對聾或重聽兒童進行言語訓練。同時，大陸還存在將復健等同於教育，將早期介入等同於言語訓練的概念誤用的情況，需要對這些重要概念的適當使用進行進一步討論。

"Early Hearing Detection and Intervention (EHDI) is the effective way to help the deaf / hard of hearing children to get the same chance of success as normal children. EHDI in the United States is in the leading position in the world, while Mainland China's EHDI has its own characteristics. Firstly, in the process of development, the United States develops hearing screening and intervention gradually, while Mainland China develops these two processes at the same time. Secondly, in the framework system, the United States has established a complete system of screening-diagnosis-intervention, while Mainland China only has a basic framework which lacks the external integrity and internal continuity. Thirdly, in terms of specific content, the content of screening and diagnosis between Mainland China and the United States is similar, but the content of early intervention is different. Early intervention in the United States is relatively wide, not confined to oral learning, while Chinese early intervention is the main content of speech training for deaf / hard of hearing children. In addition, there exists misuses of some concepts in EHDI in Mainland China, such as rehabilitation and education, early intervention and speech training. This situation needs to be further discussed."