走出語言自造的神話──從張棗的「元詩」說到當代新詩的「語言神話」

Walking out of the Myth of Language: On Zhang Zao’s Metapoetry and the“Myth of Language”in Contemporary Chinese Poetry

張棗的「元詩」寫作和論說是當代新詩「語言轉向」的標誌之一，也是一個引起爭論的議題。我們認為，在元詩寫作的內在脈絡中蘊含了「語言的自我中心主義」。從張棗海外寫作的困境中可以發現，語言並不僅僅是一個關於它「自身」的秘密，它涉及到寫作主體自身的經驗和定位、自我與他人的「關係」、語言和「生活」的聯繫等，一旦陷入寫作的「內卷」運動，語言的運作就有空洞乃至枯竭的危險。張棗是當代中國詩歌「語言神話」（或「語言本體論」）的締造者之一，同時也是它的困境的證實者。從他世紀之交的艱難轉型中可以看到，讓語言處於一種與「生活」的張力對話關係中是必要的。因此，對於當代新詩而言，新的挑戰是如何走出這個語言「自」造的神話和寫作的「自我中心」。

"Zhang Zao’s theory and practice of metapoetry marks the linguistic turning of contemporary Chinese poetry. However, it is in itself a controversial issue. There is a linguistic egocentrism in the practice of his metapoetry. We can find in the dilemma of Zhang zao’s oversea writing that language is not a mere secret about itself, but one that involving the subject’s experience and identity, the interplay between ego and others. The manipulation of language might become empty and dried up when one’s writing fell into“involution”. Zhang Zao is the founder of the myth of language in contemporary Chinese poetry. He, however, demonstrates the defect of this myth. His writing experienced a transition around the turn of the century, which indicates that it is necessary to put the language in the tension between writing and life. Therefore, a new challenge faced by contemporary Chinese poetry is how to walk out of the myth of language and the egocentrism of writing."