運動與身分：《奧德賽》第八卷中奧德修斯之自我形塑

Sport and Identity:Odysseus’Self-fashioning in Book 8 of the Odyssey

運動研究並非新的領域，但近些年來跨領域的取徑擴展了其學術視野，而非限於體能教育學門內的討論，然而文學研究者似乎仍較少關注運動主題的研究。因此，本論文旨在連結文學與運動，且特別探討運動作為體能及社會文化活動如何促成古希臘英雄奧德修斯的自我身分形塑。此構想乃源於一般對於該英雄具有的特質多從「機靈」及「耐受」切入，卻較少提及其說服及運動才能。《奧德賽》第八卷即顯示運動之於奧德修斯的重要性，他寧可冒著暴露其身分、僭越其作為客人該有的規矩的後果，仍不顧一切彰顯他的運動才華。有趣的是，奧德修斯也順勢展現其說服術，而進一步達致自我的全面揭露。準之，本論文將討論古希臘運動如何串聯該英雄之各種身分，並指出《奧德賽》中運動為關鍵性的主題之一、帶入古希臘人對於運動的理解，以及探索他說服與運動才能之間的聯繫。希望藉由此些討論，除了以古希臘運動文化重新脈絡化對於奧德修斯之英雄特質的認知，也能試探文學跨領域研究的可能、對當代身分認同的議題有所貢獻。

"Sport studies is nothing new, but it has gained new momentum in recent years. Among others, one salient factor contributing to this regained attention is the proliferation of interdisciplinary approaches to sport—no longer confined to education and athletics. Yet, literary scholars have invested significantly less interest in correlating works of imagination and athletic bodies. In light of such little attention, this paper aims to bring together literature and sport and explore how the latter as a physical and socio-cultural activity understood and experienced by the ancient Greeks has played a formative role in the fashioning of Odysseus’identity, or Odysseus’self-fashioning of his own identity. The choice of this topic takes its cue from the fact that the target hero has been defined rather generally in terms of his qualities, such as shrewdness and endurance, but less often in terms of his specific identities, such as athlete and rhetor. However, in Book 8 of the Odyssey, one cannot fail to note that the hero willfully proves himself to be an athlete possibly at the expense of his being a guest among the Phaeacians, and naturally, also his other identities since he has wished to remain anonymous. Interestingly, his“becoming”an athlete in the same book soon revives his identity as a rhetor (an orator in ancient Greece) and subsequently the other various identities he used to assume. Therefore, this paper will specifically study how Odysseus as an athlete correlates his other identities and how the ancient Greek sport has underlined such a correlation. To better understand the significance of his athletic identity, this study will point out that sport is an issue not just in the said book but also a general attention point in the epic. Also, the sport where Odysseus engages himself in the book will be considered in relation to how the ancient Greeks have conceived of sport activities, both physically and socio-culturally. Moreover, his identity as a rhetor will be brought to the fore to see how the identity formation of Odysseus is characterized by coherence and congruence when sport comes to play a part. Finally, it is hoped that such attention redirected to Odysseus’multiple identities—particularly, an athlete and then a rhetor—can prompt a new interpretation of Odyssean heroism contextualized in the ancient Greek sport culture and eventually contribute to the interdisciplinary potential of literature and contemporary discussions on identity."