競爭法和貿易救濟法功能定位之釐清──以《歐盟外國補貼白皮書》為核心

Clarification of Function and Positioning of Competition Law and Trade Remedy Law-Focusing on the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies

歐盟委員會發佈的《關於在外國補貼方面創造公平競爭環境的白皮書》試圖用競爭法的思路替代貿易救濟法來規制補貼。歐盟委員會聲稱該文件的出發點是為了維護歐盟統一市場的公平競爭環境，解決外國補貼在歐盟統一市場內對競爭產生的影響，主要包括與外國補貼相關的市場扭曲、對歐盟企業收購以及政府採購等問題。《歐盟外國補貼白皮書》功能定位的合理性值得質疑和商榷，其可能產生的實際影響與共所追求的價值目標不符。《歐盟外國補貼白皮書)中市場扭曲的定義不清、標準不明且認定權缺乏約束，貿易救濟法和競爭法的雜糅，最終可能導致濫用審查權形成貿易保護主義的結果。

The European Commission issued the White Paper on Levelling the Playing Field as Regards Foreign Subsidies, aiming at maintaining a level playing field in the EU's single market. The EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies mainly proposes suggestions on how to deal with the impact of foreign subsidies on competition in the EU's single market. The proposal involves issues such as ''market distortion'' caused by foreign subsidies, the impact of foreign subsidies on the acquisition of EU companies, and foreign subsidies in government procurement. The rationale of the functional positioning of the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies is questionable. Its possible impact may be inconsistent with the value objective it is pursuing, for there may be issues such as confusing definition of market distortion, unclear standards, and lack of restrictions on the right to determine. The fusion of trade remedy law and competition law may eventually lead to the result of trade protection within the EU. This article analyzes the above issues, and then makes recommendations for the EU White Paper on Foreign Subsidies to clarify the boundaries between trade remedy law and competition law.